中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (32): 4716-4720.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2026.0043

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

机会性筛查人群胃癌前状态检出现状及影响因素研究

杨新颖, 王凯蓉, 李俊, 叶凡婷, 王梦瑶, 李宾宾*()   

  1. 100730 北京市,中国医学科学院北京协和医学院 北京协和医院国际医疗部
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-20 修回日期:2026-05-03 出版日期:2026-11-15 发布日期:2026-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 李宾宾

  • 作者贡献:

    杨新颖提出主要研究目标、负责研究的构思与设计、研究的实施、撰写论文与修订;王凯蓉进行数据统计学处理与论文修订;李俊、叶凡婷、王梦瑶进行数据的收集与整理;李宾宾负责文章的质量控制与审查、对文章整体负责、监督管理。

Analysis of the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Gastric Precancerous Conditions in Opportunistic Screening Populations

YANG Xinying, WANG Kairong, LI Jun, YE Fanting, WANG Mengyao, LI Binbin*()   

  1. Department of International Medical Services, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
  • Received:2026-02-20 Revised:2026-05-03 Published:2026-11-15 Online:2026-10-10
  • Contact: LI Binbin

摘要: 背景 胃癌前状态(包括胃黏膜萎缩和肠化生)是胃癌发生的关键可干预阶段,机会性筛查是我国当前胃癌二级预防的重要补充模式。然而,针对机会性筛查人群胃癌前状态检出率及影响因素的研究较缺乏。 目的 分析机会性筛查人群胃癌前状态检出现状及相关影响因素,为临床医务人员精准识别高危人群、制定个体化健康管理方案提供循证依据。 方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2024年3—7月于北京协和医院就诊的机会性筛查患者为研究对象。采用一般资料调查问卷、中国人群胃癌风险评分系统(GC-RSS)进行调查。根据胃镜下病理结果判断胃癌前状态。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨胃癌前状态发生的独立影响因素。 结果 本研究共发放问卷304份,回收有效问卷301份,有效回收率为99.0%。301例患者中,胃癌前状态检出率为24.6%(74/301)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,GC-RSS评分≥5分(OR=2.124,95%CI=1.220~3.698,P<0.05)、既往胃病史(OR=2.036,95%CI=1.135~3.650,P<0.05)是胃癌前状态发生的独立影响因素。 结论 机会性筛查人群胃癌前状态检出率处于较高水平,既往胃病史及GC-RSS评分≥5分可作为风险分层的关键指标。本研究初步验证GC-RSS评分在该人群中具有良好的预测价值,作为无创风险评估工具,GC-RSS可用于全科门诊或健康管理流程中进行胃癌快速初筛,推动胃癌防控关口前移至癌前状态。

关键词: 癌前状态, 胃黏膜, 机会性筛查, 影响因素分析

Abstract:

Background

Gastric precancerous conditions (GPC), including gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, represent a critical and intervenable stage in the development of gastric cancer. Opportunistic screening serves as an important supplementary model for secondary prevention of gastric cancer in China. However, studies on the detection rate and influencing factors of GPC in opportunistic screening populations are relatively limited.

Objective

To analyze the detection status of GPC in an opportunistic screening population and to explore related influencing factors, thereby providing evidence-based support for clinicians to accurately identify high-risk individuals and to develop personalized health management strategies.

Methods

Using convenience sampling, patients undergoing opportunistic screening at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from March to July 2024 were enrolled. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire and the Chinese population gastric cancer risk scoring system (GC-RSS). GPC was determined based on pathological findings from gastroscopic biopsies. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent influencing factors for GPC.

Results

A total of 304 questionnaires were distributed, and 301 valid questionnaires were retrieved, with an effective response rate of 99.0%. Among the 301 patients, the detection rate of GPC was 24.6% (74/301). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the GC-RSS≥5 (OR=2.124, 95%CI=1.220-3.698, P<0.05) and previous history of gastric diseases (OR=2.036, 95%CI=1.135-3.650, P<0.05) were independent influencing factors for the presence of GPC.

Conclusion

The detection rate of GPC in the opportunistic screening population is relatively high. Previous history of gastric diseases and GC-RSS≥5 can be used as key indicators for risk stratification. This study provides a preliminary validation of the good predictive value of the GC-RSS in this population. As a non-invasive risk assessment tool, GC-RSS can be used for rapid preliminary screening in general practice clinics or health management processes, thereby advancing the prevention and control of gastric cancer forward to the precancerous stage.

Key words: Precancerous conditions, Gastric mucosa, Opportunistic screening, Root cause analysis