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中国全科医学

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北京市石景山区中老年居民代谢综合征患病现状及行为生活方式影响因素研究

孙秀芹1，冯振龙1，魏兰萱1，曾宇欣1，刘金波2，马林3，安占天3，王宏宇2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9*   

  1. 1.100144 北京市，北京大学首钢医院内分泌科 2.100144 北京市，北京大学首钢医院血管医学中心 3.839099 新疆维吾尔自治区，新疆生产建设兵团第十三师红星医院血管医学科 / 数智化心脏和血管健康管理中心 4.100144 北京市，北京大学医学部血管健康研究中心 5.100191 北京市，血管稳态与重构全国重点实验室（北京大学） 6.100191 北京市，北京大学临床医学高等研究院临床研究所心脏和血管健康研究中心 7.100191 北京市，北京大学健康医疗大数据国家研究院智慧化心脏和血管健康数字管理研究中心 8.610599 四川省成都市新都区中医医院中西医结合血管健康管理研究中心 9.100144 北京市石景山区血管医学重点专科
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-20 修回日期:2025-12-12 接受日期:2025-12-24
  • 通讯作者: 王宏宇，主任医师；E-mail：dr.hongyuwang@foxmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    首都卫生发展科研专项（2020-2-6042）

Analysis of the Current Status of Metabolic Syndrome Among Middle-aged and Elderly People in Shijingshan District, Beijing, and Its Behavioral and Lifestyle Influencing Factors—Results from Subgroup Analysis of the BVHS Cohort

SUN Xiuqin1,FENG Zhenlong1,WEI Lanxuan1,ZENG Yuxin1,LIU Jinbo2,MA Lin3,AN Zhantian3,WANG Hongyu2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9*   

  1. 1. Endocrinology Department, Peking University Shougang Hospital, 100144 Beijing, China 2. Department of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Shougang Hospital, 100144 Beijing, China 3. Department of Vascular Medicine, Red Star Hospital of the 13 Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, 839099 Xinjiang, China 4.Vascular Health Research Center of Peking University Health Science Center, 100144 Beijing, China 5. State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China 6.Heart and Vascular Health Research Center of Peking University Clinical Research Institute, 100191 Beijing, China 7.Intellect Heart and Vascular Health Digital Management Research Center of National Institute of Health Data Science At Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China 8.Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Vascular Health Management Research Center, Chengdu Xindu District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 610599 Sichuan, China 9. Beijing Shijingshan District Key Clinical Specialty of Vascular Medicine, 100144 Beijing, China
  • Received:2025-10-20 Revised:2025-12-12 Accepted:2025-12-24
  • Contact: WANG Hongyu, Chief physician; E-mail: dr.hongyuwang@foxmail.com

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摘要： 背景 代谢综合征是多种心血管代谢危险因素聚集的症候群，中老年人患病率较高，可显著增加多种严重疾病风险，严重影响人群健康与老龄化进程。其受人口学、生活方式、遗传等多因素影响，其中行为生活方式可防可控，是慢性病防控重点。我国不同地区居民生活习惯存在明显差异，开展本地区相关研究，可为北京市中老年人群代谢综合征防控提供依据。目的 探究北京市石景山区中老年人代谢综合征的现状及其行为生活方式影响因素，为中老年人从行为生活方式方面预防代谢综合征提供理论依据。方法 本研究数据来源于北京血管健康分级标准研究（BVHS Study），于2020年7—9月在北京市石景山区金顶街社区开展横断面调研，选取1 647名常住居民作为调研对象，依据纳排标准共纳入1 569例样本进行数据分析。问卷调查包括人口学特征、行为生活方式、慢性病患病情况等。采用单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析代谢综合征患病风险的影响因素。结果 1 569名受试者中，MS患者共374例，MS患病率为23.8384%。分为MS组（n=374例）和非MS组（n=1 195例）。MS及其组成疾病患病中，超重和/或肥胖患病率最高，达到65.2%（1 023例），其他依次为高脂血症42.32%（664例）、高血压39.45%（619例）、糖尿病19.50%（306例）；各复合疾病中，超重和/或肥胖合并高血压与超重和/或肥胖合并高脂血症患病率均达到30%以上；MS 4种组成疾病的共患率为6.44%。374例MS患者中超重和/或肥胖人群最多，占比为95.47%（358例）。单因素分析结果显示，非MS组和MS组年龄、受教育程度、运动情况、午休时间、每日睡眠时间、吸烟情况报告、主食摄入情况、蛋类摄入情况、蔬菜摄入情况比较，差异有统计学意义（P8 h（OR=0.566，95%CI=0.368~0.871），每周摄入蛋类8~13个（OR=0.361，95%CI=0.184~0.708）为MS的保护因素，午休时间>60 min（OR=1.508，95%CI=1.079~2.109）为MS的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 北京地区中老年1 569例受试者中MS患病率为23.8384%，其复合疾病以超重/肥胖（65.2%）最常见。运动量达标、充足睡眠、适量蛋类摄入为 MS 保护因素，长时间午休、高龄为危险因素，高主食摄入呈风险升高趋势，较高受教育程度可降低患病风险。老年人代谢综合征与运动、饮食、睡眠等多方面的行为生活方式相关。

关键词: 代谢综合征, 生活方式, 中年人, 老年人, 影响因素分析, 北京市

Abstract: Background Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of multiple cardiovascular metabolic risk factors. It has a high prevalence among middleaged and elderly individuals and can significantly increase the risk of various serious diseases, thus seriously affecting population health and the process of population aging. It is influenced by multiple factors, including demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and genetic factors. Among them, behavioral lifestyle is modifiable and controllable, making it a key focus in the prevention and control of chronic diseases. Given the significant regional differences in lifestyle among residents in China, conducting local research can provide evidence for the prevention and control of metabolic syndrome among middleaged and elderly individuals in Beijing. Objective To investigate the current status of metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and elderly individuals in Shijingshan District，Beijing，and its behavioral and lifestyle-related risk factors，providing a theoretical basis for preventing metabolic syndrome through behavioral and lifestyle interventions among this population. Methods This study was conducted using the data from the Beijing Vascular Health Stratification（BVHS）Study. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to September 2020 in the Jindingjie Community of Shijingshan District，Beijing. A total of 1 647 permanent residents were selected as study participants，and 1 569 cases were included in the analysis based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The questionnaire survey included demographic characteristics，behavioral lifestyle factors，and chronic disease prevalence. Chi-square analysis was used for univariate analysis，and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors for the occurrence of metabolic syndrome. Results Among the 1 569 valid respondents, there were 374 cases of metabolic syndrome (MS), with an MS prevalence of 23.84%. The participants were divided into the MS group (n=374) and the non-MS group (n=1,195). Among the components of MS, overweight and/or obesity had the highest prevalence (65.2%, 1 023 cases), followed by hyperlipidemia (42.32%, 664 cases), hypertension (39.45%, 619 cases), and diabetes (19.50%, 306 cases). For comorbid conditions, the prevalence of overweight and/or obesity combined with hypertension, as well as overweight and/ or obesity combined with hyperlipidemia, both exceeded 30%. The co-prevalence of all four MS components was 6.44%. Of the 374 patients with MS, 358 (95.47%) had overweight and/or obesity. Univariate analysis showed significant differences between the MS group and non-MS group in age, education level, physical activity, noon napping duration, daily sleep duration, smoking status, staple food intake, egg intake, and vegetable intake (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for age and education level, demonstrated that adequate physical activity (OR=0.667, 95%CI=0.456~0.976), 6-8 hours of sleep (OR=0.641, 95%CI=0.495~0.830), more than 8 hours of sleep (OR=0.566, 95%CI=0.368~0.871), and the intake of 8-13 eggs per week (OR=0.361, 95%CI=0.184~0.708) were protective factors for MS, while noon nap duration exceeding 60 minutes (OR=1.508, 95%CI=1.079~2.109) was a risk factor (P<0.05). Conclusion Among 1,569 middle-aged and elderly participants in Beijing, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) was 23.84%, with overweight/obesity (65.2%) being the most common component disease. Adequate physical activity, sufficient sleep, and appropriate egg intake were protective factors against MS, while long-duration noon napping and advanced age were risk factors. High staple food intake showed an increasing trend toward higher MS risk, and a higher educational level was associated with a reduced risk of MS. In conclusion, metabolic syndrome in the elderly is associated with various behavioral lifestyle factors，including physical activity，diet，and sleep.

Key words: Metabolic syndrome, Life style, Middle aged, Aged, Root cause analysis, Beijing

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