中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (08): 1020-1028.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0178

• 论著 • 上一篇    

不同身体测量指标与脑卒中发病风险的巢式病例对照研究

王小楠1, 阮晓楠2, 刘杨1, 吴抗1, 邱桦1, 刘庆平1, 宋家慧1, 高娇娇1, 周弋1,*(), 刘晓琳3,*()   

  1. 1.200136上海市浦东新区疾病预防控制中心(上海市浦东新区卫生健康监督所)慢性病防治科
    2.200136上海市浦东新区疾病预防控制中心(上海市浦东新区卫生健康监督所)业务管理办公室
    3.200136上海市浦东新区疾病预防控制中心(上海市浦东新区卫生健康监督所)行政办公室
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-10 修回日期:2025-08-14 出版日期:2026-03-15 发布日期:2026-02-03
  • 通讯作者: 周弋, 刘晓琳

  • 作者贡献:

    王小楠撰写论文并进行数据分析,并对文章最终负责;阮晓楠负责研究设计,组织协调及论文指导;吴抗、周弋负责论文指导及现场协调;刘杨、邱桦、刘庆平、宋家慧、高娇娇负责现场调查及质量控制,数据收集;刘晓琳负责研究设计、数据清洗整理,数据处理。

  • 基金资助:
    上海市浦东新区卫生系统优秀青年医学人才培养计划(PWRq2022-02); 浦东新区卫生系统领先人才培养计划(PWRl2024-10); 浦东新区卫生健康委员会研究者发起的临床研究项目(2024-PWDL-03); 浦东新区疾病预防控制中心业务研发平台慢性病流行病学(DXZB-2024-01)

Correlation between Anthropometric Indices and the Risk of Stroke: a Nested Case-control Study

WANG Xiaonan1, RUAN Xiaonan2, LIU Yang1, WU Kang1, QIU Hua1, LIU Qingping1, SONG Jiahui1, GAO Jiaojiao1, ZHOU Yi1,*(), LIU Xiaolin3,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Supervision Institute), Shanghai 200136, China
    2. Office of Business Management, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Supervision Institute), Shanghai 200136, China
    3. Office of Administration, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Supervision Institute), Shanghai 200136, China
  • Received:2025-05-10 Revised:2025-08-14 Published:2026-03-15 Online:2026-02-03
  • Contact: ZHOU Yi, LIU Xiaolin

摘要: 背景 随着我国经济社会发展,超重/肥胖患病率显著上升,成为重大公共卫生问题。目前,常用的肥胖判断指标BMI和腰围(WC)无法区分皮下脂肪和内脏脂肪,而内脏脂肪与慢性病密切相关。因此,研究新型身体测量指标与脑卒中发病风险的相关性具有重要意义。 目的 探索不同身体测量指标与脑卒中发生的相关性及发生风险预测能力,旨在为社区开展慢性病健康管理及心脑血管疾病监测提供依据。 方法 基于浦东新区慢性病及其危险因素监测队列研究项目,采用巢式病例对照研究设计,选取参加2016年和2019年现场调查的研究对象,观察随访至2023-12-31,以发生脑卒中研究对象作为病例组,未发生者作为对照组。采用统一设计的流行病学调查表收集一般人口学资料、既往疾病史及家族史、相关疾病主要危险因素。收集体格检查和实验室检查指标。采用Logistic回归模型和限制性立方样条(RCS)回归模型分析不同身体测量指标与脑卒中之间的关联,并利用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价不同身体测量指标对脑卒中的预测能力,采用DeLong检验进行两两比较。 结果 纳入分析的15 440名研究对象中,共有930名发生脑卒中。BMI、WC、身体圆度指数(BRI)和中国人内脏脂肪指数(CVAI)每升高1个单位,脑卒中发生风险分别增加3.8%(OR=1.038,95%CI=1.017~1.058)、1.2%(OR=1.012,95%CI=1.004~1.020)、10.6%(OR=1.106,95%CI=1.042~1.174)、0.5%(OR=1.005,95%CI=1.003~1.007)(P<0.05)。RCS回归模型分析发现,BMI、WC和BRI与脑卒中发生风险之间存在线性剂量-反应关系(P总<0.05,P非线性>0.05),CVAI与脑卒中发生风险之间存在非线性剂量-反应关系(P总<0.001,P非线性=0.009)。ROC曲线结果显示,CVAI预测脑卒中发生风险的能力(AUC=0.66)优于BMI(Z=-12.713,P<0.001)、WC(Z=-13.512,P<0.001)和BRI(Z=-8.696,P<0.001)。 结论 BMI、WC、BRI和CVAI与脑卒中发病风险存在相关性。CVAI预测脑卒中发生风险优于BMI、WC和BRI,因此可作为预测脑卒中发生风险的适用指标。同时提示基层慢性病健康管理要进行综合管理,并做好体重管理,重点关注内脏肥胖的影响。

关键词: 脑卒中, 内脏脂肪, 巢式病例对照, Logistic回归模型, 风险预测

Abstract:

Background

With the socioeconomic development in China, the prevalence of overweight/obesity has risen significantly, becoming a major public health issue. Currently, commonly used obesity indicators, such as BMI and waist circumference (WC) cannot differentiate between subcutaneous fat and visceral fat, while visceral fat is closely associated to chronic diseases. Therefore, exploring the correlation between novel anthropometric indices and stroke risk holds significant importance.

Objective

To explore the correlation of different anthropometric indices with the incidence of stroke, and their predictive capacity for the risk of stroke, aiming to provide evidence for community-based chronic disease health management and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease surveillance.

Methods

Based on the Pudong New Area Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance Cohort Study Project, a nested case-control study was performed involving participants enrolled in the 2016 and 2019 field surveys. They were followed up until December 31, 2023. Individuals who developed stroke during follow-up were assigned to the case group, and those without developing stroke were served as controls. Data on demographics, medical history, family history, and major risk factors were collected using standardized epidemiological questionnaires. Physical and laboratory examination indicators were recorded. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression models were applied to analyze the correlation between anthropometric indices and stroke. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the predictive performance, with pairwise comparisons conducted via DeLong's test.

Results

Among the 15 440 study subjects included in the analysis, a total of 930 had strokes. For every one-unit increase in BMI, WC, body roundness index (BRI), and Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), the risk of stroke increased by 3.8% (OR=1.038, 95%CI=1.017-1.058), 1.2% (OR=1.012, 95%CI=1.004-1.020), 10.6% (OR=1.106, 95%CI=1.042-1.174), and 0.5% (OR=1.005, 95%CI=1.003-1.007), respectively (P<0.05). The RCS regression model showed a linear dose-response correlation of BMI, WC, and BRI with the risk of stroke (Ptotal<0.05, Pnon-linear >0.05), and a non-linear dose-response relationship between CVAI and the risk of stroke (Ptotal<0.001, Pnon-linear=0.009). The ROC curve results indicated that the predictive ability of CVAI for the risk of stroke (area under the curve=0.66) was better than that of BMI (Z=-12.713, P<0.001), WC (Z=-13.512, P<0.001), and BRI (Z=-8.696, P<0.001).

Conclusion

BMI, WC, BRI, and CVAI are correlated with the risk of stroke. CVAI is superior to BMI, WC, and BRI in predicting the risk of stroke and can be used as an applicable indicator for the risk of stroke. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive chronic disease management in community health programs, emphasizing weight control and the impact of visceral obesity.

Key words: Stroke, Visceral fat, Nested case control, Logistic regression model, Risk prediction

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