中国全科医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (36): 4558-4565.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0504

所属专题: 内分泌代谢性疾病最新文章合辑 心血管最新文章合辑

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非糖尿病人群累积血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数暴露对新发心血管疾病影响的队列研究

张姝1, 程钰1, 吴寿岭2, 陈朔华2, 吴云涛2,*()   

  1. 1.063210 河北省唐山市,华北理工大学公共卫生学院
    2.063000 河北省唐山市,开滦总医院心内科
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-25 修回日期:2025-03-27 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2025-12-04
  • 通讯作者: 吴云涛

  • 作者贡献:

    张姝负责提出课题,进行文章的构思与设计,研究的实施,研究所需数据的收集,统计学处理,图、表的绘制,结果的分析与解释;程钰负责研究数据的整理和清洗,统计方法协助,论文英文的修订;吴寿岭对研究的可行性进行分析,结果的分析与解释,文章的质量控制;陈朔华负责相关论文检索,数据的收集,论文思路指导;吴云涛对文章整体负责,全文监督管理。

The Impact of Cumulative Plasma Atherogenic Index Exposure on Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Non-Diabetic Individuals: a Cohort Study

ZHANG Shu1, CHENG Yu1, WU Shouling2, CHEN Shuohua2, WU Yuntao2,*()   

  1. 1. School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
    2. Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
  • Received:2024-10-25 Revised:2025-03-27 Published:2025-12-20 Online:2025-12-04
  • Contact: WU Yuntao

摘要: 背景 血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(AIP)是心血管疾病(CVD)发病的危险因素,而目前研究多基于单次AIP测量值,且多集中于一般人群或糖尿病人群,国内外尚缺乏累积血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(cumAIP)暴露对非糖尿病人群新发CVD的影响。 目的 探讨非糖尿病人群cumAIP对新发CVD的影响。 方法 本研究采用前瞻性队列研究方法,选取参与并完成2006年度健康体检且在后续2006度、2008年度、2010年度3次健康体检中至少完成2次体检的非糖尿病开滦集团职工65 921例为研究对象,收集患者资料并对患者进行随访,计算cumAIP并根据cumAIP四分位数进行分组。利用Kaplan-Meier法计算各组的CVD累积发病率,并用Log-rank检验分析。采用Cox比例风险模型分析不同cumAIP水平对CVD发病风险的影响。采用限制性立方样条图探讨cumAIP与CVD发病风险的剂量-反应关系。 结果 第1分位组(cumAIP <-0.93)、第2分位组(-0.93≤cumAIP <-0.29)、第3分位组(-0.29≤cumAIP <0.39)、第4分位组(cumAIP≥0.39)研究对象分别为16 480、16 481、16 480、16 480例,4组研究对象的性别、年龄、收缩压、舒张压、BMI、空腹血糖、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、三酰甘油、高敏C反应蛋白、吸烟、饮酒、体育锻炼、服用降压药、服用调脂药情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。平均随访(10.32±2.07)年,新发CVD事件4 137例。第1分位组、第2分位组、第3分位组、第4分位组CVD发病例数分别为867例、947例、1 095例和1 228例。Log-rank检验结果显示,各组间新发CVD事件的累积发病率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=73.33,P<0.05)。多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,以第1分位组为参照,第3分位组(HR=1.11,95%CI=1.00~1.24)和第4分位组(HR=1.16,95%CI=1.02~1.33)是非糖尿病人群发生CVD的危险因素(P<0.05)。校正年龄、性别等混杂因素后的限制性立方样条图显示,非糖尿病人群cumAIP与CVD发病风险呈线性相关(P总趋势<0.05,P非线性=0.97)。分别排除服用降压药(n=12 785)、服用调脂药(n=871)以及随访2年内新发CVD(n=546)的人群进行敏感性分析,结果显示排除基线服用调脂药人群、随访2年内新发CVD的人群后第4分位组是新发CVD的危险因素(HR=1.18,95%CI=1.03~1.35,P<0.05;HR=1.16,95%CI=1.00~1.34,P<0.05)。 结论 非糖尿病人群中高cumAIP水平是新发CVD的独立危险因素。

关键词: 心血管疾病, 累积血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数, 危险因素, 前瞻性研究, 开滦队列研究

Abstract:

Background

The plasma atherogenic index (AIP) is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) . However, most existing studies have focused on single AIP measurements and primarily investigated general or diabetic populations. To date, limited research has examined the association between cumulative exposure to the cumulative atherogenic index of plasma (cumAIP) and incident CVD in non-diabetic individuals, both domestically and internationally.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cumAIP and the risk of incident CVD in non-diabetic individuals.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included 65 921 non-diabetic employees of the Kailuan Group who participated in and completed health check-ups in 2006, as well as at least two of the subsequent check-ups in 2008 and 2010. Participant data were collected and followed up to calculate cumAIP, which was categorized into quartiles. The cumulative incidence of CVD was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared across groups using the Log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazards model was employed to assess the association between cumAIP levels and CVD risk. Additionally, restricted cubic spline plots were used to explore the dose-response relationship between cumAIP and CVD risk.

Results

The study population was divided into four quartiles based on cumAIP: Q1 (cumAIP <-0.93, n=16 480) , Q2 (-0.93≤cumAIP <-0.29, n=16 481) , Q3 (-0.29≤cumAIP <0.39, n=16 480) , and Q4 (cumAIP≥0.39, n=16 480) . Significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics, including gender, age, blood pressure, BMI, fasting glucose, lipid profiles, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and medication use (all P<0.05) . During a mean follow-up of (10.32±2.07) years, 4 137 incident CVD events were recorded. The number of CVD events in Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 was 867, 947, 1 095, and 1 228, respectively. The Log-rank test revealed significant differences in cumulative CVD incidence across quartiles (χ2=73.33, P<0.05) . Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that compared to Q1, individuals in Q3 (HR=1.11, 95%CI=1.00-1.24) and Q4 (HR=1.16, 95%CI=1.02-1.33) had a higher risk of CVD (P<0.05) . Restricted cubic spline analysis, adjusted for age, gender, and other confounders, indicated a linear association between cumAIP and CVD risk (overall trend P<0.05, non-linear P=0.97) . Sensitivity analyses excluding individuals on antihypertensive medications (n=12 785) , lipid-lowering medications (n=871) , and those with CVD events within the first two years of follow-up (n=546) confirmed that Q4 remained a significant risk factor for incident CVD (HR=1.18, 95%CI=1.03-1.35, P<0.05; HR=1.16, 95%CI=1.00-1.34, P<0.05) .

Conclusion

Higher levels of cumAIP are independently associated with an increased risk of incident CVD in non-diabetic individuals.

Key words: Cardiovascular diseases, Cumulative atherogenic index of plasma, Risk factor, Prospective study, Kailuan cohort