中国全科医学 ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (18): 2209-2216.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0790

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者Ⅰ期心脏康复依从性及影响因素模型的构建研究

陈轶琳1, 林平2,*(), 韩永奎3, 王旖旎2   

  1. 1.150000 黑龙江省哈尔滨市,哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院护理学院
    2.150081 黑龙江省哈尔滨市,哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院心内科
    3.163319 黑龙江省大庆市,哈尔滨医科大学护理学院基础护理学部
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-08 修回日期:2022-12-26 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-02-23
  • 通讯作者: 林平

  • 作者贡献:陈轶琳提出研究思路,设计研究方案,包括理论框架以及量表的选用;负责研究过程的实施,包括根据纳入排除标准选取研究对象,对一般资料及各量表数据的询问收集;统计分析数据,绘制图表;论文的初步起草及撰写,负责最终版本的修订。林平提出研究思路,设计研究方案,对于研究设计的不完整以及存疑的步骤进行完善监督;在研究实施过程中,监督实施过程的准确性,并对研究进度进行调整;在论文初步撰写完成后进行检查修改。韩永奎提出本研究的整体思路;在研究实施过程中,对研究者进行监督,及时发现研究者存在的问题并协助进行调整。王旖旎发现初步设计的不足并提出解决方法;对初步起草的论文进行修改以及最终版本的修订。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(72004048)——心血管疾病患者心脏康复依从性时变特征、风险预测与时点匹配精准干预模式的构建及评价

Research on the Construction of Adherence and Its Influencing Factors of Patients with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Phase Ⅰ Cardiac Rehabilitation

CHEN Yilin1, LIN Ping2,*(), HAN Yongkui3, WANG Yini2   

  1. 1. Nursing College, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
    2. Cardiology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
    3. Department of Basic Nursing, the Nursing College of Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
  • Received:2022-07-08 Revised:2022-12-26 Published:2023-06-20 Online:2023-02-23
  • Contact: LIN Ping

摘要: 背景 经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后进行Ⅰ期心脏康复的重要性已得到证实,但目前患者依从性不佳。因此,探究PCI患者Ⅰ期心脏康复依从性及影响因素可为提高患者依从性提供理论基础。 目的 通过构建结构方程模型明确PCI患者Ⅰ期心脏康复依从性影响因素及各因素之间的作用路径,为提高PCI患者Ⅰ期心脏康复依从性提供理论支持。 方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2021年8—12月哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院心脏康复中心收治的PCI患者为研究对象。在Ⅰ期心脏康复结束后,采用一般人口学资料调查表、治疗依从性问卷、冠心病健康信念问卷、患者健康抑郁量表、广泛性焦虑量表、家庭亲密度和适应性量表、慢性病资源调查问卷、冠状动脉评分(Gensini评分)对患者进行调查。采用多元线性回归分析探究PCI患者Ⅰ期心脏康复依从性的影响因素。采用Spearman秩相关分析验证健康信念、抑郁、焦虑、家庭亲密度和适应性、慢性病资源利用与心脏康复依从性之间的相关性。在相关分析的基础上,结合安德森卫生服务利用模型,构建PCI患者Ⅰ期心脏康复依从性影响因素假设模型,通过极大似然法对模型进行不断拟合与修正。利用结构方程模型分析影响因素间的关系。 结果 共发放调查问卷443份,回收有效问卷430份,有效问卷回收率为97.06%。多元线性回归分析结果显示,健康信念(β=0.427)、抑郁(β=-0.057)、焦虑(β=-0.130)、家庭亲密度和适应性(β=0.242)、慢性病资源利用(β=0.140)是PCI患者Ⅰ期心脏康复依从性的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,PCI患者心脏康复依从性评分与健康信念、家庭亲密度和适应性、慢性病资源利用呈正相关(P<0.05),与抑郁、焦虑呈负相关(P<0.05)。利用健康信念、抑郁、焦虑、家庭亲密度和适应性、慢性病资源构建PCI患者Ⅰ期心脏康复依从性影响因素假设模型,且模型拟合良好:χ2/df=3.092<5,标准化残差均方根(RMSEA)=0.070<0.080,拟合优度指数(GFI)=0.981,调整拟合优度指数(AGFI)=0.936,比较拟合指数(CFI)=0.992,赋范拟合指数(NFI)=0.989,均>0.9。中介效应检验结果显示,健康信念、家庭亲密度和适应性、慢性病资源利用对PCI患者Ⅰ期心脏康复依从性具有直接正向作用(β=0.395、0.277、0.152,P<0.01);健康信念、家庭亲密度和适应性可通过慢性病资源利用对PCI患者Ⅰ期心脏康复依从性产生间接正向作用(β=0.057、0.065,P<0.01);抑郁、焦虑对PCI患者Ⅰ期心脏康复依从性具有直接负向作用(β=-0.055、-0.116,P<0.05)。 结论 PCI患者Ⅰ期心脏康复依从性受众多因素影响,各因素之间存在复杂的路径关系,健康信念、家庭亲密度和适应性、慢性病资源利用对PCI患者Ⅰ期心脏康复依从性具有直接正向作用;抑郁、焦虑对PCI患者Ⅰ期心脏康复依从性具有直接负向作用;健康信念、家庭亲密度和适应性可通过慢性病资源利用对PCI患者Ⅰ期心脏康复依从性产生间接正向作用,也可通过作用于焦虑、抑郁对PCI患者Ⅰ期心脏康复依从性产生间接负向作用。

关键词: 心脏康复, 经皮冠状动脉介入治疗, 治疗依从性, 影响因素分析, 结构方程模型, 中介效应

Abstract:

Background

The importance of phase Ⅰ cardiac rehabilitation after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been confirmed, but there is suboptimal adherence among patients. Therefore, investigating the adherence of PCI patients to phaseⅠ cardiac rehabilitation and the influencing factors can provide a theoretical foundation for improving the adherence of patients.

Objective

To clarifythe influencing factors of the adherence of PCI patients to phaseⅠ cardiac rehabilitation and the effect pathways by the structural equation model construction, in order to provide the oretical support for improving the adherence of PCI patients to phase Ⅰ cardiac rehabilitation.

Methods

Patients with PCI enrolled in the Cardiac Rehabilitation Center of the Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University from August to December in 2021 were selected as the research objects by convenience sampling. The general demographic information questionnaire, therapy adherence questionnaire, health belief of coronary heart disease questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiexy Disorde-7 (GAD-7), Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES), Chronic Illness Resource Survey (CIRS), Gensini score were used to investigate the patients by the end of phaseⅠ cardiac rehabilitation. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to verify the correlations between health belief, depression, anxiety, family adaptability and cohesion, chronic illness resource utilization and cardiac rehabilitation adherence, respectively. Based on correlation analysis, the hypothetical model of the influencing factors of the adherence of PCI patients to phaseⅠ cardiac rehabilitation was constructed combined with Anderson's model of health service utilization. Maximum likelihood method was used to fit and modify the model constantly. Structural equation model was used to analyze the relationship among influencing factors.

Results

A total of 443 questionnaires were distributed and 430 valid questionnaires were returned, with a valid return rate of 97.06%. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that health belief (β=0.427), depression (β=-0.057), anxiety (β=-0.130), family adaptability and cohesion (β=0.242), chronic illness resource (β=0.140) were independent factors of the adherence to phaseⅠcardiac rehabilitation of PCI patients (P<0.05). The results of the correlation analysis showed that cardiac rehabilitation adherence score of PCI patients was positively correlated with health beliefs, family adaptability and cohesion, chronic illness resource utilization (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with depression and anxiety (P<0.05). A structural equation model of the adherence of PCT patients to phaseⅠ cardiac rehabilitation was constructed using health belief, depression, anxiety, family adaptability and cohesion, chronic illness resource and the model fits well: χ2/df=3.092<5, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) =0.070<0.080, goodness of fit indices (GFI) =0.981, adjusted goodness of fitindices (AGFI) =0.936, comparative fit index (CFI) =0.992, normed fit indexes (NFI) =0.989, with all of them>0.9. The results of the intermediate effects test showed that health belief, family adaptability and cohesion, chronic illness resource had positive direct effect on the adherence of PCI patients to phaseⅠ cardiac rehabilitation (β=0.395, 0.277, 0.152, P<0.01) ; health belief, family adaptability and cohesion had a positive indirect effect on the adherence of PCI patients to phaseⅠ cardiac rehabilitation through chronic disease resource utilization (β=0.057, 0.065, P<0.01). Depression and anxiety had a direct negative effect on the adherence of PCI patients to phaseⅠ cardiac rehabilitation (β=-0.055, -0.116, P<0.05) .

Conclusion

The adherence of PCI patients to phaseⅠ cardiac rehabilitation is influenced by multiple factors. There are complex pathway relationships among the influencing factors. Health belief, family adaptability and cohesion, chronic illness resource have a positive direct effect on the adherence of PCI patients to phaseⅠ cardiac rehabilitation; depression and anxiety have a negative direct effect on the adherence of PCI patients to phaseⅠ cardiac rehabilitation; health beliefs, family adaptability and cohesion have a positive indirect effect on the adherence of PCI patients to phaseⅠ cardiac rehabilitation through chronic illness resource utilization, and have a negative indirect effect on the adherence of PCI patients to phaseⅠ cardiac rehabilitation through anxiety and depression.

Key words: Cardiac rehabilitation, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Treatment adherence and compliance, Root cause analysis, Structural equation modeling, Mediating effect