中国全科医学 ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (10): 1257-1263.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0674

所属专题: 内分泌代谢性疾病最新文章合集 社区卫生服务最新研究合集

• 论著·糖尿病管理专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

社区自我管理小组干预对2型糖尿病患者综合控制情况的长期和短期效果研究

夏章, 毛凡, 姜莹莹, 董文兰, 董建群*()   

  1. 100050 北京市,中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心综合防控与评价室
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-16 修回日期:2023-01-23 出版日期:2023-04-05 发布日期:2023-02-09
  • 通讯作者: 董建群
  • 夏章,毛凡,姜莹莹,等.社区自我管理小组干预对2型糖尿病患者综合控制情况的长期和短期效果研究[J].中国全科医学,2023,26(10):1257-1263.[www.chinagp.net]

    作者贡献:夏章进行文章的构思与设计、统计学处理、结果的分析与解释,撰写论文,并对论文进行修订;毛凡、姜莹莹、董文兰负责数据的收集与整理、文章的质量控制及审校;董建群负责资金提供,对文章质量进行控制及审校,对文章整体负责,监督管理。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2020YFC2006403)——个性化主动健康综合干预模式的应用示范研究; 国家重点研发计划(2020YFC2006400)——健康管理综合服务应用示范; 中国疾控中心慢病中心青年基金(M-1-2019-10-005)——自我管理小组干预对2型糖尿病患者的5年效果随访研究

Short- and Long-term Effects of Group-based Self-management Activities on Comprehensive Glycemic Control among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in the Community

XIA Zhang, MAO Fan, JIANG Yingying, DONG Wenlan, DONG Jianqun*()   

  1. Department of Comprehensive Prevention, Control and Evaluation, National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
  • Received:2022-11-16 Revised:2023-01-23 Published:2023-04-05 Online:2023-02-09
  • Contact: DONG Jianqun
  • About author:
    XIA Z, MAO F, JIANG Y Y, et al. Short- and long-term effects of group-based self-management activities on comprehensive glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes in the community [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26 (10): 1257-1263.

摘要: 背景 糖尿病自我管理是降低疾病影响及改善预后的重要手段。目前,糖尿病自我管理研究多以干预后短期效果评价为主,对长期效果的追踪报告较少。 目的 评价社区自我管理小组活动对2型糖尿病患者综合控制情况的长期和短期效果。 方法 于2014年3月,在北京市房山区招募500例成年2型糖尿病患者,随机分入对照组(n=241)和干预组(n=259)。两组患者均接受常规糖尿病随访服务,干预组患者在此基础上开展为期3个月的糖尿病自我管理小组活动。在干预前、3个月干预结束时、干预结束后2年和5年分别进行调查,收集两组患者的人口学信息、疾病信息、糖尿病综合控制指标〔体质指数(BMI)、血压、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)〕。采用广义估计方程分析自我管理小组活动主效应,以及自我管理小组活动与干预后时间的交互效应。 结果 调整协变量后,自我管理小组活动在BMI、收缩压、舒张压、FPG、HbA1c、HDL-C、TG、LDL-C上的主效应不显著(P>0.05)。时间在各项指标上的主效应显著(P<0.05),相较于基线,患者BMI、收缩压、舒张压、FPG、HbA1c、HDL-C、LDL-C升高,TG降低。自我管理小组活动与干预后时间对BMI〔β(95%CI)=-0.33(-0.62,-0.05)〕、FPG〔β(95%CI)=-1.03(-1.71,-0.35)〕、TG〔β(95%CI)=-0.54(-0.93,-0.14)〕的影响存在交互效应:干预前干预组BMI比对照组低0.31 kg/m2,干预3个月后比对照组低0.64 kg/m2;干预前干预组FPG比对照组高0.19 mmol/L,干预后2年比对照组低0.84 mmol/L;干预前干预组TG比对照组高0.03 mmol/L,干预后5年比对照组低0.51 mmol/L。 结论 自我管理小组活动对2型糖尿病患者BMI控制有短期效果,对FPG、TG控制可能有长期效果。

关键词: 糖尿病,2型, 自我管理, 长期效果, 随访研究, 社区卫生服务, 广义估计方程

Abstract:

Background

Diabetes self-management is an important measure to reduce the adverse impact of the disease and improve the outcome in patients with diabetes. Existing diabetes self-management studies mainly focus on the evaluation of short-term intervention effects, but rarely report the long-term effects.

Objective

To evaluate the short- and long-term effects of group-based self-management activities on comprehensive glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients in the community.

Methods

In 2014, 500 adults with type 2 diabetes were recruited from Fangshan District, Beijing, and randomly divided into a control group (n=241) and an intervention group (n=259). Both groups received routine diabetes follow-up services. The intervention group also received a three-month group-based self-management activities. We conducted four surveys at different times (at baseline, and three months, two years and five years post-intervention) to collect patient demographics, disease condition, comprehensive glycemic control indicators〔body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FGP), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) 〕. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the main effect of the self-management activities and the interaction effect of the activities with post-intervention time.

Results

After adjusting for potential confounders, the main effects of the self-management activities on BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, FPG, HbA1c, HDL-C, TG an LDL-C were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The main effects of time of intervention on various indicators were statistically significant (P<0.05). Specifically, the BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, FPG, HbA1c, HDL-C and LDL-C increased, and TG decreased in the patients after intervention. We found the self-management activities and the intervention time had an interaction effect on BMI〔β (95%CI) =-0.33 (-0.62, -0.05) 〕, FPG〔β (95%CI) =-1.03 (-1.71, -0.35) 〕, and TG〔β (95%CI) =-0.54 (-0.93, -0.14) 〕: the BMI of the intervention group was 0.31 kg/m2 lower than that of the control group at baseline, and was 0.64 kg/m2 lower than that of the control group at three months post-intervention; the FPG of the intervention group was 0.19 mmol/L higher than that of the control group at baseline, but was 0.84 mmol/L lower than that of the control group at two years post-intervention; the TG of the intervention group was 0.03 mmol/L higher than that of the control group at baseline, but was 0.51 mmol/L lower than that of the control group at five years post-intervention.

Conclusion

Group-based self-management activities have a short-term effect on controlling BMI, and may have a long-term effect on controlling FPG and TG in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Key words: Diabetes mellitus, type 2, Self-management, Long term effects, Follow-up studies, Community health services, Generalized estimating equations