中国全科医学 ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (09): 1092-1103.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0616

所属专题: 高血压最新文章合集

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不同性别护理人员高血压患病率及影响因素对比分析:基于倾向性评分匹配法

郝晓然1, 赵滨2,*(), 崔炜3, 李静1, 刘捷1, 封娣1, 张路岐1, 李云1, 李贤4, 丁俊琴5, 李来有6, 李兰凤7, 尹晓华8, 李玉琢9, 黄香河10   

  1. 1.050000 河北省石家庄市,河北医科大学第二医院护理部
    2.050000 河北省石家庄市,河北医科大学第二医院科研处
    3.050000 河北省石家庄市,河北医科大学第二医院心血管内科
    4.050051 河北省石家庄市,河北省人民医院护理部
    5.050051 河北省石家庄市,河北医科大学第三医院护理部
    6.050000 河北省石家庄市,河北医科大学第四医院护理部
    7.050031 河北省石家庄市,河北省儿童医院护理部
    8.050011 河北省石家庄市,河北省中医院护理部
    9.050041 河北省石家庄市,河北省胸科医院护理部
    10.050017 河北省石家庄市,河北医科大学口腔医院护理部
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-10 修回日期:2022-10-08 出版日期:2023-03-20 发布日期:2022-11-30
  • 通讯作者: 赵滨

  • 作者贡献:赵滨、崔炜提出概念、设计研究方案、负责论文构思;郝晓然、刘捷、封娣进行文献检索、论文撰写;郝晓然、刘捷、封娣、张路岐、李云进行数据统计分析;郝晓然、李静、刘捷、封娣、李云、李贤、丁俊琴、李来有、李兰凤、尹晓华、李玉琢、黄香河进行数据收集;赵滨负责论文的质量控制及审校,对论文整体负责;所有作者确认了论文的最终稿。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省科技计划项目——河北省护理人员高血压现患率及影响因素研究(162777166)

Sex-specific Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Hypertension among Nurses: a Propensity Score Matching-based Study

HAO Xiaoran1, ZHAO Bin2,*(), CUI Wei3, LI Jing1, LIU Jie1, FENG Di1, ZHANG Luqi1, LI Yun1, LI Xian4, DING Junqin5, LI Laiyou6, LI Lanfeng7, YIN Xiaohua8, LI Yuzhuo9, HUANG Xianghe10   

  1. 1. Nursing Department, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
    2. Department of Research, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
    3. Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
    4. Nursing Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
    5. Nursing Department, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
    6. Nursing Department, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
    7. Nursing Department, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
    8. Nursing Department, Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
    9. Nursing Department, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050041, China
    10. Nursing Department, Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
  • Received:2022-08-10 Revised:2022-10-08 Published:2023-03-20 Online:2022-11-30
  • Contact: ZHAO Bin

摘要: 背景 由于工作特殊性,护理人员长期处于高度精神紧张状态,易导致血压增高,且男性与女性在组织、细胞、分子水平调节血压稳态方面存在明显差异,其高血压影响因素可能有所不同,探讨不同性别护理人员的高血压影响因素对于制定针对性防控策略具有参考意义。目的 调查河北省不同性别护理人员高血压流行现状并进行影响因素对比分析,为不同性别护理人员制定个性化防控措施提供依据。方法 本研究采用普查方法,于2016年11月—2018年7月对河北省11个地市所有医院的128 009名护理人员进行高血压现况及影响因素调查。对男性和女性护理人员高血压的公认影响因素进行倾向性评分匹配,基于匹配后数据采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨不同性别护理人员高血压的影响因素。结果 男性护理人员高血压患病率(20.36%,1 115/5 476)高于女性护理人员(6.26%,7 669/122 533)(P25~35岁(OR=2.182)、>35~45岁(OR=3.560)、>45~55岁(OR=7.406)、>55~65岁(OR=13.339)]、体质指数[24.0~0~5年(OR=3.399)、>5~10年(OR=4.451)]、高血压家族史(OR=1.225)是男性护理人员发生高血压的影响因素(P25~35岁(OR=1.382)、>35~45岁(OR=4.125)、>45~55岁(OR=6.510)、>55~65岁(OR=5.616)]、体质指数[24.0~0~5年(OR=2.863)、>5~10年(OR=3.713)]、糖尿病年限[>0~5年(OR=3.126)、>5~10年(OR=2.947)、>10年(OR=9.743)]、高血压家族史(OR=1.243)、月经情况[不规律(OR=1.358)、已绝经(OR=1.689)]、妊娠高血压疾病[否(OR=0.486)、无妊娠史(OR=0.507)]是女性护理人员发生高血压的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 河北省男性护理人员高血压患病率高于女性护理人员。年龄、体质指数、高脂血症年限、高血压家族史是男性、女性护理人员发生高血压的影响因素;所在科室为儿科或医技科室、糖尿病、月经不规律、已绝经、有妊娠高血压疾病仅对女性高血压患病风险产生影响,相关部门可采取针对性防控措施;另外,医院所在地是男性护理人员高血压的影响因素,应关注相关地市男性护理人员血压状况;应积极采取预防措施,最大限度地降低护理人员高血压患病风险。

关键词: 高血压, 护理人员, 性别分布, 河北省, 影响因素分析, 倾向性评分

Abstract:

Background

Long-term high level of mental tension induced by nursing work may be associated with increased blood pressure in nurses. The factors influencing hypertension may differ by sex, since there are sex-specific differences in the regulation of blood pressure in molecules, cells and tissues. So exploring influencing factors for hypertension in male and female nurses is significant for formulating targeted prevention and control strategies.

Objective

To examine the prevalence and influencing factors of hypertension among male and female nurses in Hebei Province, providing a basis for developing sex-based hypertension prevention and control measures for nurses.

Methods

A census survey method was used. The prevalence and influencing factors of hypertension were investigated among 128 009 nurses in all hospitals in 11 cities of Hebei Province from November 2016 to July 2018. The recognized factors influencing hypertension were matched between male and female nurses by propensity score matching. Based on the matched data, multivariate Logistic regression was used to explore the factors influencing hypertension among male and female nurses.

Results

The prevalence of hypertension was higher in male nurses than in female nurses〔20.36% (1 115/5 476) vs 6.26% (669/122 533) , P<0.001〕. After propensity score matching, age〔>25-35 years old (OR=2.182) , >35-45 years old (OR=3.560) , >45-55 years old (OR=7.406) , >55-65 years old (OR=13.339) 〕, BMI〔24.0-<28.0 kg/m2 (OR=1.591) , ≥28.0 kg/m2 (OR=2.739) 〕, location of hospital〔Cangzhou (OR=1.431) , Hengshui (OR=1.834) , Tangshan (OR=1.408) 〕, years of hyperlipidemia〔>0-5 years (OR=3.399) , >5-10 years (OR=4.451) 〕, family history of hypertension (OR=1.225) were influencing factors of hypertension for male nurses (P<0.05) . Age〔>25-35 years old (OR=1.382) , >35-45 years old (OR=4.125) , >45-55 years old (OR=6.510) , >55-65 years old (OR=5.616) 〕, BMI〔24.0-<28.0 kg/m2 (OR=1.749) , ≥28.0 kg/m2 (OR=3.111) 〕, department〔paediatrics (OR=1.570) , medical technology department (OR=1.779) 〕, years of hyperlipidemia〔>0-5 years (OR=2.863) , >5-10 years (OR=3.713) 〕, years of diabetes〔>0-5 years (OR=3.126) , >5-10 years (OR=2.947) , >10 years (OR=9.743) 〕, family history of hypertension (OR=1.243) , menstrual condition〔irregular (OR=1.358) , menopause (OR=1.689) 〕, pregnancy hypertension〔no (OR=0.486) , no history of pregnancy (OR=0.507) 〕were influencing factors of hypertension for female nurses (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

The prevalence of hypertension was higher in male nurses than in female nurses. Age, BMI, years of hyperlipidemia, and a family history of hypertension are influencing factors of hypertension for both male and female nurses. Working at the pediatric or medical technology department, irregular menstruation, menopause, or gestational hypertension only affected the risk of hypertension in female nurses. These factors associated with hypertension can inform targeted prevention and control measures. In addition, the location of hospital was influencing factors of hypertension only for male nurses.

Key words: Hypertension, Nursing staff, Sex distribution, Hebei Province, Root cause analysis, Propensity score