关键词: 心血管疾病, 医生, 女性, 一级预防, 高血压, 中国北方, 影响因素分析

Abstract: Background　In China，cardiovascular disease（CVD） is the primary disease that endangers the health of residents，and the leading cause of mortality among adult women.Women working as a doctor，a high-risk occupation for CVD，may have higher risk of developing CVD，but the exposure to risk factors for CVD in this population is still unclear.Objective　To analyze the exposure to cardiovascular risk factors and hypertension-associated risk factors among female doctors in Northern China，to provide a scientific basis for CVD prevention，warning and treatment in this group.Methods　This case-controlled study was conducted from October 2016 to January 2018.Participants（n=261） consisted of a subcohort in Northern China in A Cohort Study of Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Female Doctors，a public welfare project conducted by Chinese Society of Cardiology Women Health Group in 2016，and community-dwelling healthy women（n=334），a subcohort of the healthy women cohort in a national key basic research program of China named as “Mechanism and Intervention of Multiple Visceral Organs Hypofunction Induced by Heart-kidney Interaction in the Elderly（2013CB530804）” conducted by our research team previously.Intergroup and age-subgroup（35-45 years，46-55 years，and 56-65 years） comparative analyses of age，education level，family history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases，lifestyle，prevalence of menopause，history of hormone use and laboratory test parameters were performed.The influencing factors for hypertension among female doctors were analyzed.Results　Compared with community-dwelling healthy women，female doctors had younger mean age，higher prevalence of postgraduate education，family history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases，insufficient exercise，tea consumption history，coffee consumption history，and insufficient sleep，and lower prevalence of overweight/obesity，menopause，and lower mean fasting plasma glucose（FPG），serum total cholesterol（TC） and low-density lipoprotein（LDL）（P<0.05）.Female doctors aged 35-45 years had higher prevalence of postgraduate education，family history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases，tea consumption history，coffee consumption history，insufficient sleep，and higher mean TG，and lower mean PFG compared with community-dwelling healthy women of the same age group（P<0.05）.Female doctors aged 46-55 years showed higher prevalence of postgraduate education，family history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases，insufficient exercise，tea consumption history，coffee consumption history，insufficient sleep，and hormone use history，and higher mean TC，and LDL，as well as lower prevalence of menopause compared with community-dwelling healthy women of the same age group（P<0.05）.In comparison with community-dwelling healthy women aged 56-65 years，female doctors of the same age group demonstrated higher prevalence of higher prevalence of postgraduate education，family history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases，insufficient exercise，tea consumption history，coffee consumption history，insufficient sleep，FPG，TC，and LDL（P<0.05）.In female doctors，those aged 46-55 years had lower prevalence of postgraduate education，insufficient exercise，coffee consumption history，and lower mean high-density lipoprotein（HDL），but higher prevalence of family history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases，menopause，and hormone use history，and higher mean FPG，TG，TC and HDL compared with those aged 35-45 years（P<0.05）.Compared with other two age subgroups（35-45 and 46-55 years），female doctors aged 56-65 years had lower prevalence of postgraduate education，but higher prevalence of overweight/obesity，and menopause，and higher mean FPG，TG，TC and LDL（P<0.05）.Furthermore，they showed lower prevalence of insufficient exercise than those aged 35-45 years（P<0.05）.By multivariate Logistic regression analysis，age〔OR=1.110，95%CI（1.063，1.158）〕，insufficient sleep〔OR=2.273，95%CI（1.085，4.762）〕，obesity/overweight〔OR=5.491，95%CI（2.995，10.067）〕 and increased LDL〔OR=2.975，95%CI（1.371，6.457）〕were considered as the influencing factors of hypertension among female doctors（P<0.05）.Conclusion　In female doctors in Northern China，risk factors for CVD that deserved attention are mainly associated with lifestyle，including insufficient exercise，tea and coffee consumption history，and insufficient sleep.The risk factors for hypertension are consisting of older age，insufficient sleep，obesity/overweight and increased LDL.In view of this，priorities should be given to the above-mentioned risk factors to well perform primary prevention of CVD.

Key words: Cardiovascular diseases, Physician, Femininity, Primary prevention, Hypertension, Northern China, Root cause analysis