中国全科医学 ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (31): 3922-3929.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0863

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

上海市社区药学服务开展现状及药师融入家庭医生团队情况研究

刘锐1, 曹宇2, 褚爱群1, 吴欢云3,*()   

  1. 1201506 上海市,上海湾区高新技术产业开发区社区卫生服务中心
    2200032 上海市,复旦大学公共卫生学院
    3200540 上海市金山区卫生健康事业管理中心
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-10 修回日期:2023-06-02 出版日期:2023-11-05 发布日期:2023-07-14
  • 通讯作者: 吴欢云

  • 作者贡献:刘锐、褚爱群负责文章撰写;刘锐、曹宇、褚爱群负责访谈实施及数据整理;曹宇、吴欢云负责研究构思与设计;吴欢云负责文章修订、质量控制及审校,并对全文负责。
  • 基金资助:
    上海市金山区科委医药卫生类科技创新资金项目(2020-3-60); 上海市卫生健康委2022年卫生健康政策研究课题(2022HP53)

Current Situation of Community Pharmacy Services and the Integration of Pharmacists into Family Doctor Team in Shanghai

LIU Rui1, CAO Yu2, CHU Aiqun1, WU Huanyun3,*()   

  1. 1Shanghai Bay Area High-tech Industrial Development Zone Community Health Service Center, Shanghai 201506, China
    2School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    3Shanghai Jinshan District Health Management Center, Shanghai 200540, China
  • Received:2023-01-10 Revised:2023-06-02 Published:2023-11-05 Online:2023-07-14
  • Contact: WU Huanyun

摘要: 背景 目前,居民多重用药现象普遍,由于缺少药物重整和全程的用药管理,不安全用药风险较大。由具有区域优势的社区卫生服务中心提供社区药学服务,符合其功能定位,但是社区卫生服务中心药学服务供给与民众需求仍存在较大差距。 目的 了解上海市社区药学服务现况、药师融入家庭医生团队情况,以及社区药学服务面临的问题,以期为推动社区药学服务发展提供建议。 方法 采用定性研究和定量研究相结合的方法。2020年12月采用分层抽样的方法对中心城区6家、近城区8家、远城区15家,共29家社区卫生服务中心307名具有执业药师资格的在岗从事药学工作的人员开展问卷调查,调查内容包括药学人员基本情况、社区药学服务开展情况、社区药师参与家庭医生团队情况等。同期采用便利抽样的方法,邀请了中心城区、近城区、远城区药剂科科长11名、家庭医生代表6名、社区中心主任及卫生健康委员会管理人员12名,共29名关键知情人,围绕药学服务需求、药学资源配置、药学服务过程3方面进行半结构化焦点访谈。 结果 定量研究结果显示,社区药师参与培训以1~2次占比最高〔139名(45.3%)〕,培训形式以继续教育为主〔252名(82.1%)〕。社区药师开展药学服务项目最多的3项分别为处方调剂〔284名(92.5%)〕、处方审核〔253名(82.4%)〕、药学窗口或门诊咨询指导〔196名(63.8%)〕。占据药师服务时长最长3项分别为处方调剂〔280名(91.2%)〕、处方审核〔244名(79.5%)〕、处方点评〔145名(47.2%)〕。有78名(25.4%)药师加入了家庭医生团队。定性研究结果显示:在社区居民药学服务需求上,社区老年居民药学服务需求大,但老年人合理用药意识淡薄;在社区药学资源配置上,药师数量短缺,专业素质有待提升,社区药品目录不齐,信息化作用有待加强;在社区药学服务过程中,社区药师认可度不高,服务内容单一,针对性的合理用药培训相对较少,药师未能在家庭医生团队中发挥作用。 结论 目前,社区药学服务资源配置和供给能力无法满足居民需求,药学服务过程还需完善、优化。仅有部分药师加入家庭医生团队,在团队中发挥作用有限,还需加大激励机制,明确服务内容,完善服务模式。

关键词: 药学服务, 社区卫生服务中心, 家庭医生团队, 定量研究, 定性研究

Abstract:

Background

At present, polypharmacy is common among residents with high risk of unsafe medication due to the lack of drug reorganization and whole-course drug management. Community pharmacy services provided by community health service centers (CHSC) with regional advantages is in line with its functional orientation, but there is still a large gap between the supply of pharmacy services in CHSCs and the demand of the public.

Objective

To understand the current situation of community pharmacy services and the integration of pharmacists into family doctor team in Shanghai, as well as the problems faced by community pharmacy services, so as to provide suggestions for promoting the development of community pharmacy services.

Methods

A combination of qualitative and quantitative research was adopted. In December 2020, a stratified sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 307 pharmacy staff on duty with licensed pharmacist qualification from 29 CHSCs, including 6 in the central urban area, 8 in the near urban area, and 15 in the far urban area. The questionnaire included the basic information of pharmaceutical staff, the development of community pharmacy services, and the participation of community pharmacists in the family doctor team. In the same period, a convenience sampling method was used to invite 29 key insiders, including 11 pharmacy section chiefs, 6 family doctor representatives, 12 community center directors and health commission managers from central urban area, near urban area and far urban area, to conduct a semi-structured focus interview on pharmacy service needs, pharmacy resource allocation and pharmacy service process.

Results

The quantitative research results showed that the highest proportion of community pharmacists participating in training is 1-2 times〔139 (45.3%) 〕, and the main form of training is continuing education, accounting for 252 (82.1%). The three most frequently conducted pharmacy service projects by community pharmacists are prescription dispensing〔284 (92.5%) 〕, prescription review〔253 (82.4%) 〕, and pharmaceutical window or outpatient consultation guidance〔196 (63.8%) 〕. The three longest service hours occupied by pharmacists are prescription dispensing〔280 (91.2%) 〕, prescription review〔244 (79.5%) 〕, and prescription comment〔145 (47.2%) 〕. A total of 78 (25.4%) pharmacists joined the family doctor team. The qualitative study showed that the elderly residents in the community had a great demand for pharmacy service, but their awareness of rational drug use was weak. In the allocation of community pharmacy resources, the pharmacists are lacjing, the professional quality needs to be improved, the community pharmacy drug list remains uncompleted, and the role of informatization needs to be strengthened. In the process of community pharmacy service, the recognition degree of community pharmacists is not high, with single service content and relatively little targeted training on rational drug use, and pharmacists fail to play a role in the family doctor team.

Conclusion

At present, the resource allocation and supply capacity of community pharmacy service cannot meet the needs of residents, and the pharmacy service process needs to be improved and optimized. The role played by the only part of pharmacists joining the family doctor team is limited. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the incentive mechanism, clarify the service content and improve the service model.

Key words: Pharmaceutical services, Community health service center, Family doctor team, Quantitative research, Qualitative research