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medical institutions making a definite diagnosis with the use of community health management services. Results Altogether,
10 042 participants were finally enrolled,including 1 132 with self-reported hypertension,and 402 with self-reported diabetes.
Among the hypertensive participants,530(46.82%) indicated that they received follow-up management of hypertension from the
community health center. Specifically,436(82.31%) received blood pressure measurement by the doctor,and 399(75.25%)
received medication guidance from the doctor. Of the diabetic patients,194(48.26%) indicated that they received follow-up
management of diabetes from the community health center. Specifically,173(89.37%) of the 193 cases(one case was excluded
due to missed information) received blood glucose measurement by the doctor,and 154(79.62%) received medication guidance
from the doctor. The prevalence of hypertensive participants receiving guidance on smoking cessation or smoking less from the doctor
was relatively low(lower than 40%),and so was that of diabetic participants. The prevalence of hypertensive participants receiving
guidance on drinking cessation or drinking less from the doctor was relatively low(lower than 40%),and so was that of diabetic
participants. Multinomial Logistic regression analysis revealed that sex,age,monthly household income per capita,years of living
in Shenzhen,and prevalence of medical insurance enrollment were associated with the utilization of community health management
services in hypertensive patients (P<0.05). Age,occupational type,and monthly household income per capita were associated
with the utilization of community health management services in diabetic patients(P<0.05). Conclusion Less than half of the
community-living hypertensive and diabetic participants used or were involved in community health management services. Being
female,18-44-year-old,low or moderate monthly household income per capita,and short years of living in Shenzhen were
associated with lower rate of utilizing such services. Moreover,hypertensive cases without medical insurance,and diabetics engaging
in a manual labor job were far less likely to utilize the services. In view of this,it is suggested to strengthen the publicity of essential
public health services in the above-mentioned priority groups. Besides that,the awareness of doctors in community health centers
should be strengthened to provide patients with guidance on developing healthy lifestyles,such as stopping smoking and drinking.
【Key words】 Hypertension;Diabetes mellitus;Population health management;Community health services;Root
cause analysis
慢性病防控已经成为全球初级卫生保健和预防工作 民,要求在调查前 12 个月内在监测地区居住 6 个月以
的重点内容之一 [1] 。慢性病管理在改善患者健康结局、 上,排除居住在功能区的居民,如工棚、军队、学生宿
提升患者生活质量方面发挥了重要作用 [1-2] 。我国是当 舍、养老院等。采用多阶段随机抽样:第一阶段,在全
今全球慢性病负担较重的国家之一,在我国,以高血压、 市 10 行政区,每个行政区随机抽取 10 个社区;第二个
糖尿病等为主的慢性病呈现“三低一高”的现象,即知 阶段,从每个抽中的社区随机抽取 100 户家庭;第三阶
晓率、治疗率和控制率低,患病率高 [3] 。2009 年新医 段,在每个抽中的居民户内,按照 KISH 表方法,随机
改中,高血压和糖尿病的慢性病管理被纳入国家基本公 抽取≥ 18 岁常住居民 1 例。由于各行政区人口规模不
共卫生服务,近年来国家陆续出台了多项慢性病防治措 一,为保证样本的代表性,分析前根据各行政区的人口
施,例如家庭医生签约服务、以“健康为中心”的慢性 数进行校正赋权,人口数占全市人口比例越大,权重
病综合管理等 [4-5] ,这些措施的具体实施效果如何近年 越大,即某行政区权重等于该区人口实际占比与样本
来也备受研究者关注。然而,目前除部分研究外 [6-7] , 中该区的样本构成比之比。最终,调查共获得有效样
大多数研究的研究对象为社区卫生服务中心的建档者, 本 10 042 例,本研究主要纳入自我报告确诊为高血压
或者直接在社区卫生服务中心进行抽样,主要研究内容 (n=1 132)和糖尿病(n=402)的社区居民。
为基本公共卫生服务的知晓率或者慢性病健康管理各项 1.2 研究方法 由课题组自行设计调查问卷,调查问
服务的利用度和满意度 [8-12] 。本研究拟在社区进行随 卷包括个人基本情况、社康中心利用情况两部分。(1)
机抽样,筛查出自我报告诊断为高血压或糖尿病的患 个人基本情况,包括性别、年龄、婚姻状况、民族、文
者,深入分析源自社区的慢性病患者对社区卫生服务中 化程度、职业类型(体力劳动为主包括农林牧渔水利业
心(深圳称为社区健康服务中心,本文简称为社康中心) 生产人员、生产/运输设备操作人员及有关人员、商业/服
慢性病健康管理服务的利用情况及其可能的影响因素, 务业人员、家务等,脑力劳动为主包括国家机关、党群
为评价慢性病管理相关政策措施的实际落地情况及进一 组织、企业或事业单位负责人、办事人员和有关人员、
步改进建议提供参考与依据。 专业技术人员等,其他职业包括军人、其他劳动者、在
1 对象与方法 校学生、未就业等)、月收入(将全部调查对象进行四
1.1 研究对象 2018 年 9—11 月,深圳市开展了慢性 分位,另设未报告家庭月收入组)、户籍、在深居住年
病及危险因素调查,调查对象为深圳市≥ 18 岁常住居 限、医保(无医保、有医保包括购买城镇职工基本医疗