中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (13): 1633-1644.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2026.0005

所属专题: 社区卫生服务最新研究合辑

• 指南·共识·规范 •    下一篇

中国流感治疗与药物预防基层指南(2025版)

王业明1,2, 周奇3,4, 李靓雅5, 陈思颖1, 王俊瑞6, 段钦蕾7, 陈耀龙3,4,8,9,10,11,*(), 曹彬1,2,12,13,*(), 中华医学会呼吸病学分会, 中华医学会感染病学分会   

  1. 1.100029 北京市,中日友好医院呼吸与危重症医学科
    2.100069 北京市,首都医科大学呼吸病学系
    3.730000 甘肃省兰州市,兰州大学基础医学院循证医学中心
    4.730000 甘肃省兰州市,中国医学科学院循证评价与指南研究创新单元
    5.100084 北京市,清华大学基础医学院
    6.010030 内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市,内蒙古医科大学附属医院
    7.261500 山东省潍坊市,潍坊高密区卫生院
    8.730000 甘肃省兰州市,兰州大学健康数据科学研究院
    9.730000 甘肃省兰州市,甘肃省循证医学重点办公室
    10.730000 甘肃省兰州市,中华医学杂志社指南与标准研究中心
    11.730000 甘肃省兰州市,世界卫生组织指南实施与知识转化合作中心
    12.100029 北京市,国家呼吸医学中心
    13.100029 北京市,中日友好医院新基石科学实验室
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-26 修回日期:2026-03-02 出版日期:2026-05-05 发布日期:2026-04-14
  • 通讯作者: 陈耀龙, 曹彬
  • 基金资助:
    北京市卫生健康委研究型病房卓越临床研究计划(BRWEP2024W114060108)

Chinese Guidelines for the Treatment and Prophylaxis of Influenza in Primary Care (2025 Edition)

WANG Yeming1,2, ZHOU Qi3,4, LI Jingya5, CHEN Siying1, WANG Junrui6, DUAN Qinlei7, CHEN Yaolong3,4,8,9,10,11,*(), CAO Bin1,2,12,13,*(), Respiratory Disease Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Infectious Diseases Branch of Chinese Medical Association   

  1. 1. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
    2. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
    3. Center for Evidence-based Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
    4. Innovation Unit for Evidence-Based Evaluation and Guideline Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
    5. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    6. Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, China
    7. Gaomi District Township Health Center, Weifang 261500, China
    8. Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
    9. Gansu Provincial Key Office of Evidence-Based Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
    10. Guidelines and Standards Research Center, Chinese Medical Journal Publishing House, Lanzhou 730000, China
    11. WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou 730000, China
    12. National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
    13. New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2026-01-26 Revised:2026-03-02 Published:2026-05-05 Online:2026-04-14
  • Contact: CHEN Yaolong, CAO Bin

摘要: 流行性感冒(以下简称流感)病毒具有季节性流行、传播迅速、易致高危人群发生重症等特点,对人民群众健康构成严重威胁。在基层医疗卫生机构中,流感患者就诊量大、诊疗资源相对有限,对规范、可操作的临床指导需求迫切。我国既往关于流感治疗和药物预防的推荐多基于专家共识,缺乏系统的循证医学指南。近年来,神经氨酸酶抑制剂等传统抗病毒药物以及RNA聚合酶抑制剂等新型抗病毒药物的研究证据不断积累,为流感的临床治疗提供了更多选择,亟须对现有的用药建议进行系统梳理和科学归纳。基于此,我国相关专业领域的多学科专家依循指南科学性(Scientific)、透明性(Transparent)和适用性(Applicable)的评级(Rankings)(简称STAR)推荐制修订决策框架,制订了本指南。本指南以基层医疗卫生机构为主要应用场景,重点围绕流感的抗病毒治疗和药物预防,系统总结并更新了不同人群的治疗指征、药物选择、用药方案、疗程及安全性管理,特别是对儿童、孕产妇等重点人群提出具体建议,并明确了季节性高峰期药物预防的适用条件与策略,最终形成19条推荐意见,旨在为基层医疗卫生机构开展流感治疗与药物预防提供系统、规范、可操作的循证指导。

关键词: 流感,人, 治疗, 药物预防, 指南, 社区卫生服务

Abstract:

Influenza is characterized by pronounced seasonality, rapid transmission, and a high risk of severe illness among high-risk populations. These features pose a substantial threat to public health. In primary healthcare settings, the substantial burden of influenza cases, combined with relatively limited diagnostic and therapeutic resources, creates a pressing need for standardized and actionable guidance. Historically, recommendations for influenza treatment and prophylaxis have largely relied on expert consensus in China, with a lack of systematic, evidence-based guidelines. In recent years, accumulating evidence on traditional antiviral agents such as neuraminidase inhibitors, as well as emerging agents targeting RNA polymerase, has expanded therapeutic options for influenza, underscoring the need to systematically update existing treatment recommendations. Accordingly, a multidisciplinary panel of Chinese experts developed the Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment and Prophylaxis of Influenza in China (2025 Edition) following the Scientific, Transparent, and Applicable Rankings (STAR) framework. With primary healthcare institutions as the main application setting, this guideline focuses on antiviral therapy and prophylaxis, systematically summarizing and updating treatment indications, drug selection, dosing regimens, duration, and safety management across different populations. Specific recommendations are provided for key groups such as children and pregnant women. Indications and strategies for prophylaxis during seasonal epidemic peaks are defined. The guideline presents a total of 19 evidence-based recommendations, providing systemic and actionable guidance for the clinical management and prevention of influenza in primary healthcare settings.

Key words: Influenza, human, Treatment, Prophylaxis, Guideline, Community health services