中国全科医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (29): 3674-3683.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0625

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

孕妇不同膳食模式下膳食炎症指数与妊娠期贫血的关联研究

董称仙1, 邵健将1, 姚腾1, 翟金婵1, 马娇龙1,2, 胡云华1,2, 刘文3, 牛强1,2, 李小菊1,2, 闫贻忠1,2,*()   

  1. 1.832000 新疆维吾尔自治区石河子市,石河子大学医学院预防医学系
    2.832000 新疆维吾尔自治区石河子市,重要新发传染病防控与公共卫生安全兵团重点实验室
    3.832000 新疆维吾尔自治区石河子市,石河子大学第一附属医院超声医学科
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-13 修回日期:2025-02-01 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-08-26
  • 通讯作者: 闫贻忠

  • 作者贡献:

    董称仙进行数据收集分析,文章撰写;邵健将、姚腾、翟金婵、刘文进行数据收集;马娇龙负责课题设计,论文指导,数据收集;胡云华、刘文、牛强、李小菊负责论文指导;闫贻忠负责课题设计,论文指导,论文审阅,经费支持。

  • 基金资助:
    石河子大学高层次人才项目(RCZK2021B28); 新疆生产建设兵团科技计划项目(2023AB049); 石河子大学自筹经费项目(ZZZC202125); 石河子大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(SRP2022084)

Association between Dietary Inflammation Index and Gestational Anemia in Pregnant Women under Different Dietary Patterns

DONG Chenxian1, SHAO Jianjiang1, YAO Teng1, ZHAI Jinchan1, MA Jiaolong1,2, HU Yunhua1,2, LIU Wen3, NIU Qiang1,2, LI Xiaoju1,2, YAN Yizhong1,2,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
    2. Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, China
    3. Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
  • Received:2024-11-13 Revised:2025-02-01 Published:2025-10-15 Online:2025-08-26
  • Contact: YAN Yizhong

摘要: 背景 据WHO估计,孕妇中有37%患有贫血。孕妇贫血易引发不良妊娠结局,炎症性贫血较常见,且妊娠期机体有慢性低度炎症,饮食质量在此期间极为关键,其关联着炎症水平与妊娠状况,膳食炎症指数(DII)可评估饮食炎症潜力,多种膳食模式也对炎症有不同影响。 目的 利用DII评估孕妇的饮食炎症潜力,并提取个人主要膳食模式,探讨不同膳食模式下DII与妊娠期贫血发病风险的关联。 方法 选取2023年4月—2024年4月定期于石河子大学第一附属医院产检的≥18岁孕妇参与调查,收集其人口学、生活行为习惯、膳食摄入等信息。通过问卷调查收集社会人口学信息和生活行为信息。使用食物频率问卷(FFQ)收集孕妇饮食信息,计算DII,并根据DII三分位数将孕妇分成:最低三分位(T1)组、第二三分位(T2)组、最高三分位(T3)组。使用主成分分析法评估食物组,并提取膳食模式。采用多因素Logistic回归分析评估DII及膳食模式与妊娠期贫血的发病风险,使用限制性立方样条图(RCS)分析剂量-反应关系。 结果 共纳入653名孕妇,孕妇的DII为-4.87~3.37,平均值为(0.36±1.94),其中T1组217例,T2组218例,T3组218例。172名(26.3%)孕妇被诊断为妊娠期贫血,其DII为(0.64±1.95)。研究共提取4种膳食模式,分别为多样性、鱼虾豆类、牛奶蛋类及加工食品模式。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,调整混杂因素后,DII与妊娠期贫血发病风险之间呈正相关(OR=1.21,95%CI=1.05~1.39,P<0.05);总体孕妇中,T3组妊娠期贫血发病风险是T1组的3.05倍(95%CI=1.62~5.75,P<0.05);在以牛奶蛋类和加工食品模式为特征的孕妇中,T3组妊娠期贫血发病风险分别是T1组的7.69倍(95%CI=1.67~35.45,P<0.05)和5.17倍(95%CI=1.29~20.63,P<0.05)。RCS结果显示,在总人群中,当DII>0.7,膳食炎症会增加妊娠期贫血的发病风险。 结论 饮食的炎症倾向与妊娠期贫血发病风险呈正相关,尤其是在以牛奶蛋类和加工食品为特征的孕妇中。因此,应当减少摄入促炎食品,注重均衡饮食。

关键词: 妊娠期贫血, 膳食炎症指数, 膳食模式, 剂量-反应关系

Abstract:

Background

According to WHO, 37% of pregnant women suffer from anemia. Anemia in pregnant women increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, with inflammatory anemia being particularly common. During pregnancy, the body experiences chronic low-grade inflammation, and dietary quality plays a crucial role in linking inflammation levels to pregnancy outcomes. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a tool to assess the inflammatory potential of diets, and various dietary patterns exert distinct effects on inflammation.

Objective

To assess the dietary inflammatory potential of pregnant women using the DII, identify predominant dietary patterns, and explore the association between the DII and the risk of developing anemia in pregnancy across different dietary patterns.

Methods

Pregnant women aged ≥18 years who regularly attended maternity checkups at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University from April 2023 to April 2024 were enrolled in the study. Data on demographics, lifestyle behaviors, and dietary intake were collected. Socio-demographic and lifestyle behavioral information were obtained through questionnaires. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake, calculate the DII, and stratify pregnant women into tertiles based on the DII: the lowest tertile (T1), the second tertile (T2), and the highest tertile (T3). Principal component analysis was used to assess food groups and extract dietary patterns. Multivariable Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association between the DII, dietary patterns, and the risk of anemia in pregnancy. Dose-response relationships were analyzed using restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots.

Results

A total of 653 pregnant women were included, with DII scores ranging from -4.87 to 3.37, the average value was (0.36±1.94). Participants were stratified into tertiles: 217 in T1, 218 in T2, and 218 in T3. Among them, 172 (26.3%) were diagnosed with anemia during pregnancy, with a mean DII of (0.64±1.95). Four dietary patterns were identified: diversity, fish-shrimp-legumes, milk-egg, and processed food patterns. Multivariable Logistic regression analysis revealed a positive association between DII and the risk of anemia during pregnancy after adjusting for confounders (OR=1.21, 95%CI=1.05-1.39, P<0.05). In the overall population, the risk of anemia in the T3 group was 3.05 times higher than in the T1 group (95%CI=1.62-5.75, P<0.05). Among women characterized by milk-egg and processed food patterns, the risk of anemia in the T3 group was 7.69 times (95%CI=1.67-35.45, P<0.05) and 5.17 times (95%CI=1.29-20.63, P<0.05) higher than in the T1 group, respectively. RCS analysis showed that in the overall population, a DII>0.7 was associated with an increased risk of anemia during pregnancy.

Conclusion

The inflammatory potential of the diet is positively associated with the risk of anemia during pregnancy, particularly among women characterized by milk-egg and processed food patterns. Therefore, reducing the consumption of pro-inflammatory foods and promoting a balanced diet are essential.

Key words: Gestational anemia, Dietary inflammatory index, Dietary patterns, Dose-response relationship