中国全科医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (23): 2915-2923.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0561

• 论著 • 上一篇    

中国居民对中医态度与行为的比较研究:基于中国综合社会调查2011年和2021年数据的实证分析

顼禹同, 苏未, 唐颂, 马爽*()   

  1. 100029 北京市,北京中医药大学管理学院
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-10 修回日期:2025-02-10 出版日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2025-06-17
  • 通讯作者: 马爽

  • 作者贡献:

    顼禹同负责设计研究方案、分析数据处理、图表绘制与论文起草;苏未负责设计研究方案、表格绘制;唐颂负责论文起草,表格绘制;马爽进行论文的修订,负责文章的质量控制与审查,对文章整体负责,监督管理。

  • 基金资助:
    北京市社会科学基金青年项目(24GLC055)

A Comparative Study on Chinese Residents' Attitudes and Behaviors towards Traditional Chinese Medicine: an Empirical Analysis Based on the Data from the Chinese General Social Survey in 2011 and 2021

XU Yutong, SU Wei, TANG Song, MA Shuang*()   

  1. School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2024-11-10 Revised:2025-02-10 Published:2025-08-15 Online:2025-06-17
  • Contact: MA Shuang

摘要: 背景 近年来我国虽然重视中医药发展,但在学术研究领域缺少纵向视角下基于全国样本的中国居民对中西医态度行为的比较研究。 目的 对比分析2011年和2021年中国居民对中医的态度与行为及其影响因素,为改善居民对中医药态度和行为,促进中医药优质服务体系建设提供实证依据。 方法 利用2011年和2021年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,筛选出2011年和2021年有效回答居民中医态度与行为相关问题的样本共4 326份,其中2011年和2021年样本分别为2 879人和1 447人。从人口特征、社会环境和医疗服务3个维度分析影响居民中医药态度与行为的因素。采用多因素多分类Logistic回归模型对居民中医态度与行为的影响因素进行分析。 结果 在对中医的态度方面,2011年认同"中医更有效"的人群占比最高(34.5%,994/2 879);而2021年,对该观点持中立态度的人群占比最高(44.8%,649/1 447)。相比于2011年,2021年对"中医更有效"说法持中立态度的人群占比明显上升,同时认同和反对该观点的人群占比均有所下降。从就诊频率来看,2011年和2021年居民中医和西医的就诊频率均有所降低,"有时看中医"降幅7.3%,"有时看西医"降幅16.1%;"经常看中医"降幅8.9%,"经常看西医"降幅18.8%。多因素多分类Logistic回归分析结果显示:以不认同"中医更有效"为参照,年份、受教育程度、地区、近期就医满意度、医疗卫生系统满意度是居民认同"中医更有效"的影响因素(P<0.05);年份、地区是居民对"中医更有效"持中立态度的影响因素(P<0.05)。以从不就诊中医为参照,性别、户籍、年龄、地区、是否患慢性病或残疾、自评健康状况、近期就医满意度是居民经常就诊中医行为的影响因素(P<0.05);年份、年龄、是否患慢性病或残疾、自评健康状况、社交频率、优质医疗可及性是居民有时就诊中医行为的影响因素(P<0.05)。 结论 2011年和2021年我国居民对中医认可度略有变化,中西医就诊频率差距减小。居民对中医的态度和行为存在地区差异,中部地区的居民中医认同度更高,但中医就诊频率相对较低;受教育程度低的居民更认同中医比西医有效,老年、城市、患慢性病或残疾的居民中医就诊频率更高,近期就医满意度是居民对中医的态度与就诊行为的主要影响因素。

关键词: 中医药, 态度, 行为, 影响因素

Abstract:

Background

In recent years, China has emphasized the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), yet there is a lack of longitudinal comparative studies on Chinese residents' attitudes and behaviors towards TCM and Western medicine based on national samples in the academic research field.

Objective

To comparatively analyze Chinese residents' attitudes and behaviors towards TCM and their influencing factors in 2011 and 2021, provide empirical evidence for improving residents' attitudes and behaviors towards TCM and promoting the construction of a quality TCM service system.

Methods

A total of 4 326 samples that effectively answered questions related to residents' attitudes and behaviors toward TCM in 2011 and 2021 were screened using data from the 2011 and 2021 Chinese General Social Surveys (CGSS), of which the samples in 2011 and 2021 were 2 879 and 1 447, respectively. Factors affecting residents' attitudes and behaviors toward TCM were analyzed from three dimensions: demographic characteristics, social environment and medical services. A multifactor multicategorical Logistic regression model was used for the analysis of factors influencing residents' attitudes and behaviors toward TCM.

Results

In terms of attitudes toward TCM, the proportion of people who agreed that "TCM is more effective" was the highest in 2011 (34.5%, 994/2 879), and the proportion of people who held a neutral attitude toward this view was the highest in 2021 (44.8%, 649/1 447). Compared with 2011, the proportion of people with a neutral attitude towards the statement that "Chinese medicine is more effective" increased significantly in 2021, while the proportion of people agreeing and disagreeing with the statement decreased. In terms of the frequency of consultation, the frequency of consultation for both TCM and Western medicine decreased between 2011 and 2021, with "sometimes consulting TCM practitioners" decreased by 7.3% and "sometimes consulting Western medicine practitioners" decreased by 16.1%, and "often consulting TCM practitioners" decreased by 8.9%, "Frequently consulting Western medicine practitioners" decreased by 18.8%. The results of the multifactorial multicategory Logistic regression analysis showed that: with the reference of not agreeing that "Chinese medicine is more effective", year, education level, region, satisfaction with recent medical treatment, and satisfaction with the health care system were the factors influencing residents' agreement with "Chinese medicine is more effective" (P<0.05) ; the year and region were the factors influencing residents' neutral attitude towards "Chinese medicine is more effective" (P<0.05). Year, education level, region, satisfaction with recent medical treatment, and satisfaction with the health care system were the factors influencing residents' agreement with "Chinese medicine is more effective" (P<0.05) ; Year and region were the factors influencing residents' neutral attitude towards "Chinese medicine is more effective" (P<0.05). Taking "never consulting TCM" as a reference, gender, household registration, age, region, whether suffering from chronic diseases or disabilities, self-assessed health status, and satisfaction with recent medical treatment were the factors influencing residents' frequent consulting of TCM (P<0.05) ; year, age, whether suffering from chronic diseases or disabilities, self-assessed health status, frequency of socialization, and accessibility to high-quality medical treatment were the factors influencing residents' sometimes consulting of TCM (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

The recognition of Chinese medicine by Chinese residents changed slightly between 2011 and 2021, and the gap between the frequency of Chinese and Western medicine visits decreased. There are regional differences in residents' attitudes and behaviors toward TCM; residents in the central region have a higher recognition of TCM but a relatively lower frequency of TCM visits; residents with lower education levels agree that TCM is more effective than Western medicine; residents who are elderly, urban, and suffer from chronic illnesses or disabilities have a higher frequency of TCM visits; and recent satisfaction with medical care is the main influencing factor on residents' attitudes toward TCM and their visiting behaviors.

Key words: Traditional Chinese medicine, Attitude, Behavior, Influencing factors

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