中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (31): 4559-4564.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0555

• 全科医疗/社区卫生服务工作研究 • 上一篇    

中国医疗机构级别与康复患者满意度的关系及患者满意度的影响因素研究

林炜明1, 邹瑜聪2, 沈梅1, 叶睿雪2, 王玉龙2,*()   

  1. 1.518000 广东省深圳市龙华区人民医院康复医学科
    2.518000 广东省深圳市,深圳大学第一附属医院(深圳市第二人民医院)康复医学科
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-15 修回日期:2026-02-25 出版日期:2026-11-05 发布日期:2026-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 王玉龙

  • 作者贡献:

    林炜明提出主要研究目标,负责研究的构思与设计、研究的实施,撰写论文;林炜明、邹瑜聪进行数据的收集与整理,统计学处理,图、表的绘制与展示;邹瑜聪、沈梅、叶睿雪进行论文修订;王玉龙负责文章的质量控制与审查,对文章整体负责,监督管理。

  • 基金资助:
    深圳市三名工程"南京医科大学励建安团队"资助项目(SZSM202111010)

The Relationship between the Levels of Medical Institutions and Rehabilitation Patient Satisfaction in China and the Influencing Factors of Patient Satisfaction

LIN Weiming1, ZOU Yucong2, SHEN Mei1, YE Ruixue2, WANG Yulong2,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Rehabilitation, Longhua People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China
    2. Department of Rehabilitation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University/Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
  • Received:2025-10-15 Revised:2026-02-25 Published:2026-11-05 Online:2026-10-10
  • Contact: WANG Yulong

摘要: 背景 近年来,在"以患者为中心"的医疗服务模式下,我国不断强化患者的需求导向。尤其对于伴随功能障碍的康复患者,患者满意度愈发受到重视。然而,目前尚缺乏不同等级医疗机构背景下康复患者满意度的研究。 目的 本研究旨在探讨中国医疗机构等级与康复患者满意度的关系现状,并分析患者满意度的影响因素,以期为提高不同等级医疗机构的服务质量提供思路。 方法 本研究为一项多中心横断面研究,纳入2023年9—11月中国5个城市共13家医院的门诊患者1 489例。通过病历系统收集患者人口学信息(年龄、性别、居住地和教育背景)、临床信息(医疗机构级别、临床诊断、病程和医疗费用等)。满意度调查则使用李克特五级问卷进行采集,并归类为"不满意"和"满意"。使用Logistic回归分析探讨医疗机构等级与患者满意度的关系及患者满意度的影响因素。 结果 根据纳入、排除标准,最终纳入1 099例门诊康复患者,951例为满意,148例为不满意。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,医疗机构等级、诊疗能力、医疗机构整体质量、医疗机构收费合理性和就诊等待时间是康复患者满意度的影响因素(P<0.05)。使用3个模型显示医疗机构等级与康复患者满意度之间的关系,未调整模型,模型1调整性别、年龄、龙氏日常生活能力评定量表,模型2调整就诊次数、医疗机构质量、单次门诊总费用、医疗诊疗能力、医疗收费合理性、就诊等待时间。3个模型结果均显示,二级医院的患者满意度低于基层医疗卫生机构(P<0.05)。 结论 基层医疗卫生机构的满意度高于二级医院。医疗机构收费的合理性、医疗机构整体质量、医疗诊疗水平和就诊等待时间为影响患者满意度的因素。这一研究不仅有助于了解我国康复患者满意度现状,更有助于为我国康复分级诊疗体系的完善提供参考。

关键词: 门诊医疗, 医疗机构等级, 病人满意度, 康复, 影响因素

Abstract:

Background

In recent years, under the "patient-centered" medical service model, China has been strengthening the orientation of patients' needs. Especially for rehabilitation patients with dysfunctions, patient satisfaction has received more attention. However, there is a lack of study on rehabilitation patient satisfaction among different grades of medical institutions.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the relationship between the grade of medical institutions and rehabilitation patient satisfaction in China, and to analyze influencing factors of satisfaction in patients, providing ideas for improving the service quality of medical institutions of different grades.

Methods

This study was a multicenter cross-sectional study that included 1 099 rehabilitation outpatient patients from September to November 2023 in a total of 13 hospitals in five cities in China. Using a medical record system to collect patients' basic information and clinical history. Satisfaction surveys were collected using a five-point Likert questionnaire, coded as "dissatisfied" and "satisfied". Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between the grade of the medical institutions and patient satisfaction and influencing factors of satisfaction in patients.

Results

According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 1 099 outpatient rehabilitation patients were finally included, of whom 951 were satisfied and 148 were dissatisfied. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that hospital level, diagnostic and therapeutic capability, overall quality of medical institutions, reasonableness of medical charges, and waiting time for medical visits were influencing factors of rehabilitation patient satisfaction (P<0.05). Three models were used to examine the relationship between hospital level and rehabilitation patient satisfaction: the unadjusted model; model 1 adjusted for sex, age, and Long's Activities of Daily Living Rating Scale; and model 2 adjusted for number of visits, quality of medical institutions, total cost per outpatient visit, medical diagnostic and therapeutic capability, reasonableness of medical charges, and waiting time for medical visits. All three models showed that patient satisfaction in secondary hospitals was lower than that in primary healthcare institutions (P<0.05).

Conclusion

This study found primary medical institution showed higher level of satisfaction compared to secondary hospitals. In addition, the reasonableness of the medical institution's fees, the overall quality of the medical institution, the level of medical treatment, and the waiting time for consultation were influential factors affecting patient satisfaction. This study not only helps to understand the currents of rehabilitation patient satisfaction, but also helps to provide valuable insights for the improvement of China's rehabilitation hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system.

Key words: Ambulatory care, Healthcare organization rating, Patient satisfaction, Rehabilitation, Influencing factors