间歇训练和持续训练对健康个体认知功能的应用效果及调节因素：一项系统综述和三水平荟萃分析

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0385

中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (26): 3816-3828.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0385

• 论著·主动健康干预研究 • 上一篇下一篇

间歇训练和持续训练对健康个体认知功能的应用效果及调节因素：一项系统综述和三水平荟萃分析

庄明南¹^,², 严亨豪³, 肖宁坤⁴, 殷明越⁵, 范志伟⁶, 刘超辉⁷, 邹欣彤⁸, 周跃华⁹, 毕志远¹⁰, 邓恒治¹¹, 吴碧泰¹², 宋智全¹³, 史东林¹^,²^,^*()

1．301617　天津市，天津体育学院运动训练学院
2．050041　河北省石家庄市，河北体育学院运动人体科学系
3．400715　重庆市，西南大学体育学院
4．620000　俄罗斯叶卡捷琳堡，乌拉尔联邦大学脑与神经认知发展实验室
5．3000澳大利亚墨尔本维多利亚州，澳大利亚天主教大学玛丽麦基洛普健康研究所
6．999078　澳门特别行政区，澳门理工大学健康科学与体育学院
7．361021　福建省厦门市，集美大学体育学院
8．325035　浙江省温州市，温州医科大学附属第一医院
9．400042　重庆市大足区田家炳中学
10．200438　上海市，上海体育大学
11．50603马来西亚吉隆坡，马来亚大学体育与运动科学学院
12．410114　湖南省长沙市，长沙理工大学体育学院
13．100083　北京市，北京科技大学体育学院

收稿日期:2025-10-10 修回日期:2025-12-10 出版日期:2026-09-15 发布日期:2026-08-11
通讯作者: 史东林
庄明南、严亨豪与肖宁坤为共同第一作者

作者贡献：
庄明南选定研究主题、制定文献检索策略，负责数据处理与分析、图表制作与论文撰写；严亨豪负责研究开展与进程把控，参与论文审核与修改；肖宁坤负责研究设计与统计方案把关，完成初步修改并提出方法学建议；殷明越、范志伟负责R工作流与代码实现，开展敏感性/亚组/回归分析并协助可视化；刘超辉、邹欣彤完成背靠背的文献检索、筛选与数据提取；周跃华、毕志远负责数据复核与一致性检查，并协助参考文献管理与格式校对；邓恒治在背靠背研究与检索/提取存在不一致时介入仲裁并提出合理建议；吴碧泰负责研究协调、记录管理与过程文档归档；宋智全负责图表与补充材料制作、可重复性材料整理；史东林把控研究总体设计与实施进度，审核与修改论文、负责最终版本修订并统稿。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划"主动健康和老龄化科技应对"重点专项(2020YFC2006700, 2020YFC2006706)

Effects of Interval and Continuous Training on Cognitive Function in Healthy Adults: a Systematic Review and Three-level Meta-analysis

ZHUANG Mingnan¹^,², YAN Henghao³, XIAO Ningkun⁴, YIN Mingyue⁵, FAN Zhiwei⁶, LIU Chaohui⁷, ZOU Xintong⁸, ZHOU Yuehua⁹, BI Zhiyuan¹⁰, DENG Hengzhi¹¹, WU Bitai¹², SONG Zhiquan¹³, SHI Donglin¹^,²^,^*()

1. School of Sport Training, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
2. School of Human Movement Science, Hebei Sport University, Shijiazhuang 050041, China
3. College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
4. Laboratory for Brain and Neurocognitive Development, Department of Psychology, Institution of Humanities, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620000, Russia
5. Exercise & Nutrition Research Program, the Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Victoria 3000, Australia
6. Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, China
7. School of Physical Education, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
8. The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
9. Tian Jiabing High School, Chongqing 400042, China
10. Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
11. Faculty of Sports and Exercise Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
12. School of Physical Education, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
13. School of Physical Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2025-10-10 Revised:2025-12-10 Published:2026-09-15 Online:2026-08-11
Contact: SHI Donglin
About author:
ZHUANG Mingnan, YAN Henghao, and XIAO Ningkun are co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 背景随着全球老龄化加剧，认知功能下降已成为全球重大公共卫生挑战。中强度持续训练（MICT）已被证实可改善认知功能，但其时间成本较高；而高强度间歇训练（HIIT）以省时高效被视为潜在替代方案。现有荟萃分析多采用传统两水平模型，未充分处理认知功能相关的多效应量依赖性，亟须开展三水平荟萃分析以获得更稳健的效应估计与推断。目的探究HIIT与MICT对健康个体认知功能的改善效果及调节因素，以确定两种训练方案在改善认知功能方面的精准化处方设置。方法基于PRISMA声明，系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Scopus、Embase、中国知网自建库至2025年8月HIIT和MICT对健康人群认知功能影响的随机对照试验。采用R 4.4.3软件进行Meta分析，采用随机效应模型进行主效应合并，并基于亚组分析、回归分析与敏感性分析探讨异质性来源与影响因素。结果纳入19项随机对照试验，共计2 277例受试者。与对照组相比，HIIT明显提升了健康个体的执行功能（Hedges'g=0.36，95%CI=0.10~0.61，P=0.01）和记忆功能（Hedges'g=0.61，95%CI=0.12~1.09，P<0.01）；而对信息处理（Hedges'g=0.69，95%CI=-0.65~2.03，P=0.25）与注意力（Hedges'g=0.36，95%CI=-0.20~0.92，P=0.15）无影响。回归分析结果显示，受试者年龄越大，记忆功能的提升幅度越明显（β=0.02，P<0.01）；BMI=27.66 kg/m2的受试者中记忆功能改善幅度最大（β=2.05，P<0.01）。间歇时长与执行功能改善呈负相关（β=-0.01，P=0.04），即间歇时长越短效果越好；其中，150 s间歇（β=2.39，P<0.01）在间歇时长的研究中效应最明显。单次训练时长与执行功能改善呈正相关（β=0.10，P=0.03）；其中，6 min（β=2.31，P<0.01）在单次训练时长的研究中改善效果最明显。结论 HIIT能显著改善健康个体的执行功能与记忆功能，与MICT具有类似的健康效益，可作为其省时高效替代方案应用于认知促进。年龄较大及BMI处于中等偏高水平的人群通过HIIT产生了更大幅度的认知改善。训练方案方面（结合既往研究结果），本研究认为约150 s的间歇、单次约6 min的训练时长以及6~12周的规律性干预，可能是较优的处方参数组合。

关键词: 认知功能, 记忆, 高强度间歇运动, 中强度持续训练, 三水平荟萃分析

Abstract:

Background

With global population aging, cognitive decline has become a major public-health challenge. Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) has been shown to improve cognition but is time-consuming, whereas high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is considered a time-efficient alternative with comparable promise. Prior meta-analyses have largely relied on traditional two-level models and have not adequately addressed the dependence among multiple cognition outcomes within studies; a three-level meta-analytic approach is therefore warranted to obtain more robust effect estimates and inferences.

Objective

To investigate the effects of HIIT and MICT on cognitive function in healthy individuals, as well as the moderating factors, in order to establish precise prescription guidelines for these two training modalities in enhancing cognitive function.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Embase from inception to August 2025 for randomized controlled trials examining the effects of HIIT and MICT on cognitive function in healthy populations. Meta-analysis was conducted in R 4.4.3 using random-effects models for primary pooling. Subgroup analyses, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses were performed to probe sources of heterogeneity and identify determinants of intervention efficacy.

Results

A total of 19 randomized controlled trials involving 2 277 participants were included. Compared with the control group, HIIT significantly improved executive function (Hedges'g=0.36, 95%CI=0.10-0.61, P=0.01) and memory function (Hedges'g=0.61, 95%CI=0.12-1.09, P<0.01) in healthy individuals, but had no significant effect on information processing (Hedges'g=0.69, 95%CI=-0.65 to 2.03, P=0.25) or attention (Hedges'g=0.36, 95%CI=-0.20 to 0.92, P=0.15). Regression analysis revealed that older participants showed greater improvement in memory function (β=0.02, P<0.01), and the greatest memory enhancement was observed in participants with a BMI of 27.66 kg/m2 (β=2.05, P<0.01). The duration of rest intervals was negatively associated with improvements in executive function (β=-0.01, P=0.04), indicating better outcomes with shorter rest periods; among these, a 150-second rest interval demonstrated the most significant effect (β=2.39, P<0.01). Single training duration was positively correlated with improvements in executive function (β=0.10, P=0.03); specifically, a 6-minute training session showed the most pronounced benefit (β=2.31, P<0.01).

Conclusion

HIIT significantly improves executive and memory functions in healthy individuals, offering health benefits similar to those of MICT and serving as a time-efficient alternative for cognitive enhancement. Greater cognitive improvements were observed in older adults and those with moderate-to-high BMI through HIIT. Based on previous research findings, this study suggests that an optimal training prescription may include approximately 150 seconds of intermittent exercise per session, each session lasting about 6 minutes, and consistent intervention over 6 to 12 weeks.

Key words: Cognitive function, Memory, High-intensity interval training, Moderate-intensity continuous training, Three-level meta-analysis

中图分类号:

R 338.64

庄明南,严亨豪,肖宁坤,等. 间歇训练和持续训练对健康个体认知功能的应用效果及调节因素：一项系统综述和三水平荟萃分析[J]. 中国全科医学, 2026, 29(26): 3816-3828. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0385.
ZHUANG Mingnan,YAN Henghao,XIAO Ningkun, et al. Effects of Interval and Continuous Training on Cognitive Function in Healthy Adults: a Systematic Review and Three-level Meta-analysis[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(26): 3816-3828. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0385.

图/表 5

参考文献 76

[1]	Livingston G, Huntley J, Liu K Y, et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission[J]. Lancet, 2024, 404(10452):572-628. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01296-0.
[2]	Barack D L, Krakauer J W. Two views on the cognitive brain[J]. Nat Rev Neurosci, 2021, 22(6): 359-371. DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00448-6.
[3]	Weintraub S, Dikmen S S, Heaton R K, et al. Cognition assessment using the NIH toolbox[J]. Neurology, 2013, 80(11 suppl 3): S54-S64. DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182872ded.
[4]	Petersen S E, Posner M I. The attention system of the human brain: 20 years after[J]. Annu Rev Neurosci, 2012, 35: 73-89. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150525.
[5]	Huang X X, Zhao X Y, Li B, et al. Comparative efficacy of various exercise interventions on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis[J]. J Sport Health Sci, 2022, 11(2): 212-223. DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.05.003.
[6]	Loprinzi P D, Blough J, Ryu S, et al. Experimental effects of exercise on memory function among mild cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Phys Sportsmed, 2019, 47(1): 21-26. DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2018.1527647.
[7]	Loprinzi P D, Frith E, Edwards M K, et al. The effects of exercise on memory function among young to middle-aged adults: systematic review and recommendations for future research[J]. Am J Health Promot, 2018, 32(3): 691-704. DOI: 10.1177/0890117117737409.
[8]	Liu K H, Zhao W, Li C C, et al. The effects of high-intensity interval training on cognitive performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Sci Rep, 2024, 14: 32082. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-83802-9.
[9]	Northey J M, Cherbuin N, Pumpa K L, et al. Exercise interventions for cognitive function in adults older than 50: a systematic review with meta-analysis[J]. Br J Sports Med, 2018, 52(3): 154-160. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096587.
[10]	Morales J S, Del Río E A, Valenzuela P L, et al. Physical activity and cognitive performance in early childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Sports Med, 2024, 54(7): 1835-1850. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02020-5.
[11]	Zhang J H, Ye W, Li W, et al. Comparative efficacy of exercise interventions for cognitive health in older adults: a network meta-analysis[J]. Exp Gerontol, 2025, 206: 112768. DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2025.112768.
[12]	Erickson K I, Voss M W, Prakash R S, et al. Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2011, 108(7): 3017-3022. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1015950108.
[13]	Tomoto T, Verma A, Kostroske K, et al. One-year aerobic exercise increases cerebral blood flow in cognitively normal older adults[J]. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2023, 43(3): 404-418. DOI: 10.1177/0271678X221133861.
[14]	殷明越, 陈志力, 李汉森, 等. 碎片化运动:兼具应用可行性与健康促进效果的新策略[J]. 西安体育学院学报, 2023, 40(5): 615-627. DOI: 10.16063/j.cnki.issn1001-747x.2023.05.011.
[15]	Brown B M, Frost N, Rainey-Smith S R, et al. High-intensity exercise and cognitive function in cognitively normal older adults: a pilot randomised clinical trial[J]. Alzheimers Res Ther, 2021, 13(1): 33. DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00774-y.
[16]	Buchheit M, Laursen P B. High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: Part I: cardiopulmonary emphasis[J]. Sports Med, 2013, 43(5): 313-338. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-013-0029-x.
[17]	Fernández-Rodríguez R, Álvarez-Bueno C, Martínez-Ortega I A, et al. Immediate effect of high-intensity exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Sport Health Sci, 2022, 11(3): 367-375. DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.08.004.
[18]	Gokce E, Adiguzel E, Kurtkaya Kocak O, et al. Impact of acute high-intensity interval training on cortical excitability, M1-related cognitive functions, and myokines: a randomized crossover study[J]. Neuroscience, 2024, 551: 290-298. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.032.
[19]	Ahmadi S, Bélanger M, O'Brien M W, et al. Acute effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on executive functions in healthy older adults[J]. Sci Rep, 2025, 15(1): 6749. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-91833-z.
[20]	Marin Bosch B, Bringard A, Logrieco M G, et al. A single session of moderate intensity exercise influences memory, endocannabinoids and brain derived neurotrophic factor levels in men[J]. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1): 14371. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93813-5.
[21]	Zotcheva E, Håberg A K, Wisløff U, et al. Effects of 5 years aerobic exercise on cognition in older adults: the generation 100 study: a randomized controlled trial[J]. Sports Med, 2022, 52(7): 1689-1699. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01608-5.
[22]	Zhang W T, Zeng S Y, Nie Y, et al. Meta-analysis of high-intensity interval training effects on cognitive function in older adults and cognitively impaired patients[J]. Front Physiol, 2025, 16: 1543217. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1543217.
[23]	徐恺, 殷明越, 王然. 中文体育类核心期刊元分析的选题和方法学问题[J]. 体育科学, 2024, 44(1): 88-97. DOI: 10.16469/j.css.202401010.
[24]	Page M J, Mckenzie J E, Bossuyt P M, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews[J]. BMJ, 2021, 372: n71. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n71.
[25]	Cumpston M, Li T J, Page M J, et al. Updated guidance for trusted systematic reviews: a new edition of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2019, 10(10): ED000142. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.ED000142.
[26]	Higgins J P T, Altman D G, Gøtzsche P C, et al. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials[J]. BMJ, 2011, 343: d5928. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d5928.
[27]	Guyatt G H, Oxman A D, Vist G E, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations[J]. BMJ, 2008, 336(7650): 924-926. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.AD.
[28]	Viechtbauer W. Conducting meta-analyses inRwith themetaforPackage[J]. J Stat Soft, 2010, 36(3). DOI: 10.18637/jss.v036.i03
[29]	Van Den Noortgate W, López-López J A, Marín-Martínez F, et al. Three-level meta-analysis of dependent effect sizes[J]. Behav Res Methods, 2013, 45(2): 576-594. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-012-0261-6.
[30]	Assink M, Wibbelink C J M. Fitting three-level meta-analytic models in R: a step-by-step tutorial[J]. Quant Meth Psychol, 2016, 12(3): 154-174. DOI: 10.20982/tqmp.12.3.p154.
[31]	Cheung M W. A guide to conducting a meta-analysis with non-independent effect sizes[J]. Neuropsychol Rev, 2019, 29(4): 387-396. DOI: 10.1007/s11065-019-09415-6.
[32]	Pustejovsky J E, Tipton E. Meta-analysis with robust variance estimation: expanding the range of working models[J]. Prev Sci, 2022, 23(3): 425-438. DOI: 10.1007/s11121-021-01246-3.
[33]	Borenstein M, Hedges L V, Higgins J P T, et al. A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis[J]. Res Synth Methods, 2010, 1(2): 97-111. DOI: 10.1002/jrsm.12.
[34]	Nagashima K, Noma H, Furukawa T A. Prediction intervals for random-effects meta-analysis: a confidence distribution approach[J]. Stat Methods Med Res, 2019, 28(6): 1689-1702. DOI: 10.1177/0962280218773520.
[35]	Nakagawa S, Noble D W A, Senior A M, et al. Meta-evaluation of meta-analysis: ten appraisal questions for biologists[J]. BMC Biol, 2017, 15(1): 18. DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0357-7.
[36]	Cumpston M, Li T J, Page M J, et al. Updated guidance for trusted systematic reviews: a new edition of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2019, 10(10): ED000142. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.ED000142.
[37]	Quintana D S. A guide for calculating study-level statistical power for meta-analyses[J]. Adv Meth Pract Psychol Sci, 2023, 6: 25152459221147260. DOI: 10.1177/25152459221147260.
[38]	Hopkins W G, Batterham A M. Improving meta-analyses in sport and exercise[EB/OL]. [2025-09-12].
[39]	Ruppar T. Meta-analysis: How to quantify and explain heterogeneity?[J]. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs, 2020, 19(7): 646-652. DOI: 10.1177/1474515120944014.
[40]	Egger M, Smith G D, Schneider M, et al. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test[J]. BMJ, 1997, 315(7109): 629-634. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629.
[41]	杨勇涛, 万敏, 万贤齐. 大强度间歇运动与中等强度持续有氧运动对大学生执行功能的影响[J]. 天津体育学院学报, 2021, 36(6): 733-738. DOI: 10.13297/j.cnki.issn1005-0000.2021.06.017.
[42]	房国梁, 张漓, 韩天雨, 等.高强度间歇训练对老年人认知功能的影响[J].中国体育科技, 2020, 56(11): 32-37. DOI: 10.16470/j.csst.2020130.
[43]	Coetsee C, Terblanche E. Cerebral oxygenation during cortical activation: the differential influence of three exercise training modalities. A randomized controlled trial[J]. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2017, 117(8): 1617-1627. DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3651-8.
[44]	Mekari S, Earle M, Martins R, et al. Effect of high intensity interval training compared to continuous training on cognitive performance in young healthy adults: a pilot study[J]. Brain Sci, 2020, 10(2): 81. DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10020081.
[45]	Bouaziz W, Schmitt E, Vogel T, et al. Effects of a short-term Interval Aerobic Training Programme with active Recovery bouts(IATP-R)on cognitive and mental health, functional performance and quality of life: a randomised controlled trial in sedentary seniors[J]. Int J Clin Pract, 2019, 73(1): e13219. DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13219.
[46]	Tottori N, Morita N, Ueta K, et al. Effects of high intensity interval training on executive function in children aged 8-12 years[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019, 16(21): E4127. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214127.
[47]	Jimenez-Roldán M J, Sañudo Corrales B, Carrasco Páez L. Effects of high-intensity interval training on executive functions and IGF-1 levels in sedentary young women: a randomized controlled trial[J]. Front Sports Act Living, 2025, 7: 1597171. DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1597171.
[48]	Wang X M, Liu Z G, Zhang H Y, et al. Effects of high-intensity interval training on executive functions in college students: evidence from different doses[J]. Brain Sci, 2023, 13(4): 571. DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040571.
[49]	Connolly L J, Bailey S J, Krustrup P, et al. Effects of self-paced interval and continuous training on health markers in women[J]. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2017, 117(11): 2281-2293. DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3715-9.
[50]	Stenman M, Pesola A J, Laukkanen A, et al. Effects of two-week high-intensity interval training on cognition in adolescents-a randomized controlled pilot study[J]. Hum Mov, 2017, 18(2): 15-20. DOI: 10.1515/humo-2017-0019.
[51]	Eather N, Riley N, Miller A, et al. Efficacy and feasibility of HIIT training for university students: the Uni-HIIT RCT[J]. J Sci Med Sport, 2019, 22(5): 596-601. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.11.016.
[52]	Leahy A A, Michels M F I, Eather N, et al. Feasibility of test administration and preliminary findings for cognitive control in the Burn 2 learn pilot randomised controlled trial[J]. J Sports Sci, 2020, 38(15): 1708-1716. DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1756673.
[53]	Chua T, Aziz A R, Chia M. Four minutes of sprint interval training had no acute effect on improving alertness, mood, and memory of female primary school children and secondary school adolescents: a randomized controlled trial[J]. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol, 2020, 5(4): 92. DOI: 10.3390/jfmk5040092.
[54]	Costigan S, Eather N, Plotnikoff R, et al. High intensity interval training on cognitive and mental health in adolescents[J]. J Sci Med Sport, 2017, 20: e108-e109. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.01.182.
[55]	Moreau D, Kirk I J, Waldie K E. High-intensity training enhances executive function in children in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial[J]. eLife, 2017, 6: e25062. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.25062.
[56]	Blackmore D G, Schaumberg M A, Ziaei M, et al. Long-term improvement in hippocampal-dependent learning ability in healthy, aged individuals following high intensity interval training[J]. Aging Dis, 2024, 16(3): 1732-1754. DOI: 10.14336/AD.2024.0642.
[57]	Liu J, Min L, Liu R, et al. The effect of exercise on cerebral blood flow and executive function among young adults: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial[J]. Sci Rep, 2023, 13(1): 8269. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33063-9.
[58]	Coetsee C, Terblanche E. The effect of three different exercise training modalities on cognitive and physical function in a healthy older population[J]. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act, 2017, 14(1): 13. DOI: 10.1186/s11556-017-0183-5.
[59]	Liu K H, Zhao W, Li C C, et al. The effects of high-intensity interval training on cognitive performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Sci Rep, 2024, 14(1): 32082. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-83802-9.
[60]	Zhang W T, Zeng S Y, Nie Y, et al. Meta-analysis of high-intensity interval training effects on cognitive function in older adults and cognitively impaired patients[J]. Front Physiol, 2025, 16: 1543217. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1543217.
[61]	Sultana R N, Sabag A, Keating S E, et al. The effect of low-volume high-intensity interval training on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Sports Med, 2019, 49(11): 1687-1721. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01167-w.
[62]	Calverley T A, Ogoh S, Marley C J, et al. HIITing the brain with exercise: mechanisms, consequences and practical recommendations[J]. J Physiol, 2020, 598(13): 2513-2530. DOI: 10.1113/JP275021.
[63]	Zhang J H, Ye W, Li W, et al. Comparative efficacy of exercise interventions for cognitive health in older adults: a network meta-analysis[J]. Exp Gerontol, 2025, 206: 112768. DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2025.112768.
[64]	Cassilhas R C, Viana V A R, Grassmann V, et al. The impact of resistance exercise on the cognitive function of the elderly[J]. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2007, 39(8): 1401-1407. DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e318060111f.
[65]	Huang T, Chen Z S, Shen L Q, et al. Associations of cognitive function with BMI, body fat mass and visceral fat in young adulthood[J]. Medicina(Kaunas), 2019, 55(6): 221. DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060221.
[66]	Haghighi A H, Hajinia M, Askari R, et al. Effect of high-intensity interval training and high-intensity resistance training on irisin and fibroblast growth factor 21 in men with overweight and obesity[J]. Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 2022, 100(9): 937-944. DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0712.
[67]	Hotamisligil G S, Erbay E. Nutrient sensing and inflammation in metabolic diseases[J]. Nat Rev Immunol, 2008, 8(12): 923-934. DOI: 10.1038/nri2449.
[68]	Makki K, Froguel P, Wolowczuk I. Adipose tissue in obesity-related inflammation and insulin resistance: cells, cytokines, and chemokines[J]. ISRN Inflamm, 2013, 2013: 139239.
[69]	Northey J M, Cherbuin N, Pumpa K L, et al. Exercise interventions for cognitive function in adults older than 50: a systematic review with meta-analysis[J]. Br J Sports Med, 2018, 52(3): 154-160. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096587.
[70]	Li Q, Zhang L, Zhang Z G, et al. A shorter-bout of HIIT is more effective to promote serum BDNF and VEGF-A levels and improve cognitive function in healthy young men[J]. Front Physiol, 2022, 13: 898603. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.898603.
[71]	Müller P, Duderstadt Y, Lessmann V, et al. Lactate and BDNF: key mediators of exercise induced neuroplasticity?[J]. J Clin Med, 2020, 9(4): 1136. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041136.
[72]	Chang Y K, Labban J D, Gapin J I, et al. The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: a meta-analysis[J]. Brain Res, 2012, 1453: 87-101. DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.02.068.
[73]	Mcgowan C J, Pyne D B, Thompson K G, et al. Warm-up strategies for sport and exercise: mechanisms and applications[J]. Sports Med, 2015, 45(11): 1523-1546. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0376-x.
[74]	Spitz M G, Kenefick R W, Mitchell J B. The effects of elapsed time after warm-up on subsequent exercise performance in a cold environment[J]. J Strength Cond Res, 2014, 28(5): 1351-1357. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000291.
[75]	Erickson K I, Hillman C, Stillman C M, et al. Physical activity, cognition, and brain outcomes: a review of the 2018 physical activity guidelines[J]. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2019, 51(6): 1242-1251. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001936.
[76]	Alves C R R, Tessaro V H, Teixeira L A C, et al. Influence of acute high-intensity aerobic interval exercise bout on selective attention and short-term memory tasks[J]. Percept Mot Skills, 2014, 118(1): 63-72. DOI: 10.2466/22.06.PMS.118k10w4.

步骤	检索式
#1	Search strategy for "HIIT" "High Intensity Interval Training" OR "Interval Trainings，High-Intensity" OR "High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise" OR "Sprint Interval Training" OR "Sprint Interval Trainings" OR "HIIT" OR "HIIT" OR "HIT" OR "high-intensity" OR "intensity training" OR "moderate-intensity continuous training" OR "moderate-intensity" OR "moderate intensity" OR "continuous training" OR "MICT" OR "MICT"
#2	Search strategy for "Cognitive" "Cognition" OR "Cognitions" OR "cognitive function" OR "function cognitive" OR "Insight" OR "Attention" OR "attention focus" OR "mental concentration" OR "selective attention" OR "information processing" OR "executive function" OR "executive functions" OR "executive control" OR "Memory" OR "recall" OR "long short term memory" OR "reaction time" OR "reaction times" OR "response time"
#3	Search strategy for "RCT" "randomized controlled trial" OR "randomized" OR "placebo" OR "RCT" OR "random"
#4	#1 AND #2 AND #3

步骤	检索式
#1	Search strategy for "HIIT" "High Intensity Interval Training" OR "Interval Trainings，High-Intensity" OR "High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise" OR "Sprint Interval Training" OR "Sprint Interval Trainings" OR "HIIT" OR "HIIT" OR "HIT" OR "high-intensity" OR "intensity training" OR "moderate-intensity continuous training" OR "moderate-intensity" OR "moderate intensity" OR "continuous training" OR "MICT" OR "MICT"
#2	Search strategy for "Cognitive" "Cognition" OR "Cognitions" OR "cognitive function" OR "function cognitive" OR "Insight" OR "Attention" OR "attention focus" OR "mental concentration" OR "selective attention" OR "information processing" OR "executive function" OR "executive functions" OR "executive control" OR "Memory" OR "recall" OR "long short term memory" OR "reaction time" OR "reaction times" OR "response time"
#3	Search strategy for "RCT" "randomized controlled trial" OR "randomized" OR "placebo" OR "RCT" OR "random"
#4	#1 AND #2 AND #3

第一作者	发表年份（年）	组别	研究对象基线特征			结局指标		训练方式	热身（min）	运动强度	组数（次）×单次持续时长（min）	间歇时长（s）	总时长（min）	周频率（次）	周期（周）
第一作者	发表年份（年）	组别	年龄（±s，岁）	性别（男/女）	BMI（±s，kg/m²）	测量工具	报告领域	训练方式	热身（min）	运动强度	组数（次）×单次持续时长（min）	间歇时长（s）	总时长（min）	周频率（次）	周期（周）
杨勇涛^[41]	2021	HIIT（n=16）	21.65±1.65	—	—	Stroop、N-back、MOST	①②	跑步	5	85% HRmax	6×—	150	30	—	—
		MICT（n=16）	21.65±1.65	—	—			跑步	5	60%~70% HRmax	1×30	—	30	—	—
		对照组（n=16）	21.65±1.65	—	—
房国梁^[42]	2020	HIIT（n=10）	64.90±3.45	6/4	27.66±1.24	DST、TMT、Stroop	①②	联合训练	10	80%~90% VO₂max	4×6	—	24	3	12
		MICT（n=10）	65.40±4.48	7/3	27.77±2.68			联合训练	10	60%~70% VO₂max	1×30	—	30	3	12
		对照组（n=9）	65.00±4.12	5/4	27.24±1.55
Coetsee^[43]	2017	HIIT（n=13）	64.5±6.3	—	26.6±4.0	Stroop、Stroop Neutral	①③	跑步	10	90%~95% HRmax	4×4	180	30	3	16
		MICT（n=13）	61.6±5.8	—	26.5±4.2			跑步	10	70%~75% HRmax	1×47	—	47	3	16
		对照组（n=19）	62.5±5.6	—	26.9±3.7
Mekari^[44]	2020	HIIT（n=12）	71.3±13.0	3/9	24.6±5.0	Stroop、TMT	①	骑行	5	100% PPO	15×0.25	15	55	3	6
		MICT（n=13）	81.3±13.0	4/9	28.8±8.0			骑行	5	60% PPO	1×34	—	45	3	6
Zotcheva^[21]	2022	HIIT（n=216）	72.4±2.08	119/97	—	MoCA	①④	联合训练	10	85%~95% HRmax	4×4	180	40	2	260
		MICT（n=235）	72.3±2.05	121/114	—			联合训练	10	70% HRmax	1×50	—	50	2	260
		对照组（n=494）	72.2±2.02	255/239	—
Bouaziz^[45]	2019	HIIT（n=30）	72.9±2.5	7/23	28.7±5.6	VFT、TMT、PASAT	①③④	骑行	3	60%~70% HRR	6×4	60	30	2	9.5
		对照组（n=30）	74.3±3.4	9/21	28.8±5.1
Tottori^[46]	2019	HIIT（n=29）	10±1.0	19/10	16.9±2.7	DST、TOH	①②	联合训练	10	≥85% HRmax	10×0.5	30	25	3	4
		对照组（n=27）	10.4±1.1	14/15	16.3±1.8
Jimenez-Roldán^[47]	2025	HIIT（n=20）	22±1.1	—	23.06±5.72	Stroop、WCST、DST	①②	联合训练	10	RPE 9~10	—×0.5	30	40	3	12
		对照组（n=17）	22±1.1	—	24.09±3.59
Wang^[48]	2023	HIIT（n=27）	22.55±2.76	17/10	20.39±2.77	SCWT、MOST、N-back	①②	骑行	5	—	5×1	60	20	2	6
		HIIT（n=26）	21.98±2.25	17/9	21.32±4.82			骑行	5	—	5×1	60	20	1	6
		对照组（n=28）	22.79±2.36	15/13	20.94±2.01
Connolly^[49]	2017	HIIT（n=15）	44±7	—	25.45±5.26	OCL、ISLT、ISLR	②	骑行	5	≥90% HRmax	5×5	120	25	3	12
		MICT（n=15）	45±7	—	27.12±6.99			骑行	5	75% HRmax	1×50	—	50	3	12
Stenman^[50]	2017	HIIT（n=9）	17.9±0.9	—	23.4±2.0	DET、IDN、N-back、CPAL	②③④	联合训练	3	—	8×1	75	25	3	2
		对照组（n=10）	17.8±0.7	—	21.5±2.3
Eather^[51]	2019	HIIT（n=22）	20.23±1.72	8/14	24.11±4.06	TMT	①	联合训练	—	≥85% HRmax	6×0.5	30	12	3	8
		对照组（n=31）	20.48±2.01	10/21	23.10±4.20
Leahy^[52]	2020	HIIT（n=33）	16.2±0.4	18/15	—	Flanker、N-back	①②	联合训练	—	≥85% HRmax	—×0.5	30	20	3	14
		对照组（n=29）	16.2±0.4	14/15	—
Chua^[53]	2020	SIT（n=38）	9~10	—	—	RAVRT	②	跑步	3	—	3×0.33	60	8	2	3
		对照组（n=25）	9~10	—	—
Costigan^[54]	2017	HIIT（n=21）	15.6±0.6	—	21.72±2.10	TMT	①	跑步	—	—	—×0.5	30	10	3	8
		HIIT（n=22）	15.7±0.7	—	22.08±3.56			联合训练	—	—	—×0.5	30	10	3	8
		对照组（n=22）	15.5±0.6	—	22.29±3.53
Moreau^[55]	2017	HIIT（n=152）	9.87±1.81	62/90	18.1±3.92	Flanker、Go/no-go、Stroop、BDS、BCS、Visual 2-back	①②④	联合训练	2	—	5×0.33	20	10	5	6
		对照组（n=153）	9.96±1.68	56/97	18.51±7.89
Blackmore^[56]	2024	HIIT（n=54）	71.7±0.59	27/27	25.8±0.49	CANTB	②	跑步	10	85%~95% HRpeak	4×4	180	40	3	24
		MICT（n=44）	71.9±0.63	20/24	25.9±0.89			跑步	10	50%~75% HRpeak	1×30	—	45	3	24
Liu^[57]	2023	HIIT（n=26）	24.83±2.35	11/15	21.75±2.49	TMT	①	跑步	10	50%~100% VO₂max	10×1	60	40	3	12
		MICT（n=21）	25.44±1.58	12/9	22.42±3.31			跑步	10	70%~75% VO₂max	1×20	—	40	3	12
		对照组（n=20）	25.42±2.61	13/7	21.55±2.96
Coetsee^[58]	2017	HIIT（n=11）	64.5±6.3	3/2	26.6±4.0	Stroop、Stroop Neutral	①③	跑步	—	90%~95% HRmax	4×4	180	30	3	16
		MICT（n=13）	61.6±5.8	3/10	26.5±4.2			跑步	—	70%~75% HRmax	1×47	—	47	3	16
		对照组（n=19）	62.5±5.6	8/11	26.9±3.7

第一作者	发表年份（年）	组别	研究对象基线特征			结局指标		训练方式	热身（min）	运动强度	组数（次）×单次持续时长（min）	间歇时长（s）	总时长（min）	周频率（次）	周期（周）
第一作者	发表年份（年）	组别	年龄（±s，岁）	性别（男/女）	BMI（±s，kg/m²）	测量工具	报告领域	训练方式	热身（min）	运动强度	组数（次）×单次持续时长（min）	间歇时长（s）	总时长（min）	周频率（次）	周期（周）
杨勇涛^[41]	2021	HIIT（n=16）	21.65±1.65	—	—	Stroop、N-back、MOST	①②	跑步	5	85% HRmax	6×—	150	30	—	—
		MICT（n=16）	21.65±1.65	—	—			跑步	5	60%~70% HRmax	1×30	—	30	—	—
		对照组（n=16）	21.65±1.65	—	—
房国梁^[42]	2020	HIIT（n=10）	64.90±3.45	6/4	27.66±1.24	DST、TMT、Stroop	①②	联合训练	10	80%~90% VO₂max	4×6	—	24	3	12
		MICT（n=10）	65.40±4.48	7/3	27.77±2.68			联合训练	10	60%~70% VO₂max	1×30	—	30	3	12
		对照组（n=9）	65.00±4.12	5/4	27.24±1.55
Coetsee^[43]	2017	HIIT（n=13）	64.5±6.3	—	26.6±4.0	Stroop、Stroop Neutral	①③	跑步	10	90%~95% HRmax	4×4	180	30	3	16
		MICT（n=13）	61.6±5.8	—	26.5±4.2			跑步	10	70%~75% HRmax	1×47	—	47	3	16
		对照组（n=19）	62.5±5.6	—	26.9±3.7
Mekari^[44]	2020	HIIT（n=12）	71.3±13.0	3/9	24.6±5.0	Stroop、TMT	①	骑行	5	100% PPO	15×0.25	15	55	3	6
		MICT（n=13）	81.3±13.0	4/9	28.8±8.0			骑行	5	60% PPO	1×34	—	45	3	6
Zotcheva^[21]	2022	HIIT（n=216）	72.4±2.08	119/97	—	MoCA	①④	联合训练	10	85%~95% HRmax	4×4	180	40	2	260
		MICT（n=235）	72.3±2.05	121/114	—			联合训练	10	70% HRmax	1×50	—	50	2	260
		对照组（n=494）	72.2±2.02	255/239	—
Bouaziz^[45]	2019	HIIT（n=30）	72.9±2.5	7/23	28.7±5.6	VFT、TMT、PASAT	①③④	骑行	3	60%~70% HRR	6×4	60	30	2	9.5
		对照组（n=30）	74.3±3.4	9/21	28.8±5.1
Tottori^[46]	2019	HIIT（n=29）	10±1.0	19/10	16.9±2.7	DST、TOH	①②	联合训练	10	≥85% HRmax	10×0.5	30	25	3	4
		对照组（n=27）	10.4±1.1	14/15	16.3±1.8
Jimenez-Roldán^[47]	2025	HIIT（n=20）	22±1.1	—	23.06±5.72	Stroop、WCST、DST	①②	联合训练	10	RPE 9~10	—×0.5	30	40	3	12
		对照组（n=17）	22±1.1	—	24.09±3.59
Wang^[48]	2023	HIIT（n=27）	22.55±2.76	17/10	20.39±2.77	SCWT、MOST、N-back	①②	骑行	5	—	5×1	60	20	2	6
		HIIT（n=26）	21.98±2.25	17/9	21.32±4.82			骑行	5	—	5×1	60	20	1	6
		对照组（n=28）	22.79±2.36	15/13	20.94±2.01
Connolly^[49]	2017	HIIT（n=15）	44±7	—	25.45±5.26	OCL、ISLT、ISLR	②	骑行	5	≥90% HRmax	5×5	120	25	3	12
		MICT（n=15）	45±7	—	27.12±6.99			骑行	5	75% HRmax	1×50	—	50	3	12
Stenman^[50]	2017	HIIT（n=9）	17.9±0.9	—	23.4±2.0	DET、IDN、N-back、CPAL	②③④	联合训练	3	—	8×1	75	25	3	2
		对照组（n=10）	17.8±0.7	—	21.5±2.3
Eather^[51]	2019	HIIT（n=22）	20.23±1.72	8/14	24.11±4.06	TMT	①	联合训练	—	≥85% HRmax	6×0.5	30	12	3	8
		对照组（n=31）	20.48±2.01	10/21	23.10±4.20
Leahy^[52]	2020	HIIT（n=33）	16.2±0.4	18/15	—	Flanker、N-back	①②	联合训练	—	≥85% HRmax	—×0.5	30	20	3	14
		对照组（n=29）	16.2±0.4	14/15	—
Chua^[53]	2020	SIT（n=38）	9~10	—	—	RAVRT	②	跑步	3	—	3×0.33	60	8	2	3
		对照组（n=25）	9~10	—	—
Costigan^[54]	2017	HIIT（n=21）	15.6±0.6	—	21.72±2.10	TMT	①	跑步	—	—	—×0.5	30	10	3	8
		HIIT（n=22）	15.7±0.7	—	22.08±3.56			联合训练	—	—	—×0.5	30	10	3	8
		对照组（n=22）	15.5±0.6	—	22.29±3.53
Moreau^[55]	2017	HIIT（n=152）	9.87±1.81	62/90	18.1±3.92	Flanker、Go/no-go、Stroop、BDS、BCS、Visual 2-back	①②④	联合训练	2	—	5×0.33	20	10	5	6
		对照组（n=153）	9.96±1.68	56/97	18.51±7.89
Blackmore^[56]	2024	HIIT（n=54）	71.7±0.59	27/27	25.8±0.49	CANTB	②	跑步	10	85%~95% HRpeak	4×4	180	40	3	24
		MICT（n=44）	71.9±0.63	20/24	25.9±0.89			跑步	10	50%~75% HRpeak	1×30	—	45	3	24
Liu^[57]	2023	HIIT（n=26）	24.83±2.35	11/15	21.75±2.49	TMT	①	跑步	10	50%~100% VO₂max	10×1	60	40	3	12
		MICT（n=21）	25.44±1.58	12/9	22.42±3.31			跑步	10	70%~75% VO₂max	1×20	—	40	3	12
		对照组（n=20）	25.42±2.61	13/7	21.55±2.96
Coetsee^[58]	2017	HIIT（n=11）	64.5±6.3	3/2	26.6±4.0	Stroop、Stroop Neutral	①③	跑步	—	90%~95% HRmax	4×4	180	30	3	16
		MICT（n=13）	61.6±5.8	3/10	26.5±4.2			跑步	—	70%~75% HRmax	1×47	—	47	3	16
		对照组（n=19）	62.5±5.6	8/11	26.9±3.7

间歇训练和持续训练对健康个体认知功能的应用效果及调节因素：一项系统综述和三水平荟萃分析

Effects of Interval and Continuous Training on Cognitive Function in Healthy Adults: a Systematic Review and Three-level Meta-analysis

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 5

参考文献 76

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

留言

[1]	林衍声, 张舒阳, 林嘉滢, 朱杰, 周钰馨, 林嘉莉, 贾杰. 脑卒中后不同偏瘫侧患者上肢躯体感觉功能与注意力和记忆力的相关性研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2026, 29(26): 3752-3759.
[2]	柴智浩, 张维森, 罗娇玲, 朱峰, 朱彤, 靳雅丽, 潘静, 卢映君, 江朝强. 中老年人社会经济状况在少儿期父母文化与认知功能间的中介效应：基于广州生物库队列研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2026, 29(21): 2959-2966.
[3]	刘影, 刘世炜, 张驰, 沈姞, 张玉珊, 张洁, 桑莹宸, 王友娇, 王蕾, 周厚广, 施红. 中国老年脑卒中患者主观认知功能下降流行特征及影响因素研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2026, 29(20): 2829-2835.
[4]	聂佳慧, 李国娟, 郝卓群, 杜巧荣, 刘鹏鸿, 刘志芬, 刘莎, 张爱霞, 王彦芳. 重性抑郁障碍患者认知功能损害的异质性及影响因素研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2026, 29(17): 2340-2346.
[5]	李鲤, 徐天朝, 董晓梅, 黄鸿飞, 崔刚, 李冬冬, 张欧, 范琳, 王奇. 补肾健脑针刺疗法联合舍曲林治疗老年抑郁症的效果：一项随机对照试验[J]. 中国全科医学, 2026, 29(11): 1399-1404.
[6]	管艳萍, 吴云肖, 许志飞. 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的相关性研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2026, 29(09): 1155-1160.
[7]	王晨瑜, 王晓艳, 张立秀, 王丽娜. 轻度认知障碍人群社区筛查与诊断管理策略的研究进展[J]. 中国全科医学, 2026, 29(08): 1037-1043.
[8]	赵思琪, 叶杏, 赵洋, Anindya Kanya, Marthias Tiara, Daniel Mercian, 赵天浩, 韩莉. 中国、印度和印度尼西亚中老年人群身心共病与认知功能下降的关联研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2025, 28(28): 3532-3540.
[9]	廖可欣, 肖移生. 黄精丸的配伍提取液对学习记忆障碍大鼠海马齿状回区干细胞影响的研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2025, 28(24): 3019-3025.
[10]	文敏, 周永玲, 刘静静, 蒋苛晴, 刘娟, 朱晓丹. 基于移动医疗APP的认知补偿训练对稳定期精神分裂症患者的干预效果与机制研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2025, 28(22): 2819-2825.
[11]	刘美霞, 尹金念, 吴玫, 杨星, 周全湘, 杨敬源. 体重指数对三酰甘油葡萄糖指数与认知功能关联的影响：一项贵州农村老年人群的现况研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2025, 28(22): 2806-2812.
[12]	张露艺, 于瑞洪, 王琪, 张小宇, 李响, 王仲璇, 朱东山. 昼夜节律综合征和代谢综合征对主、客观认知功能的影响：基于平阴队列的横断面研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2025, 28(20): 2481-2490.
[13]	李弈晴, 程桂荣, 许浪, 胡晨璐, 李春利, 李露寒. 生活方式在心血管代谢性疾病患病时长与轻度认知功能障碍关联中的作用研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2025, 28(11): 1329-1335.
[14]	付春迎, 于瑞洪, 王琪, 李美玲, 王晓祎, 朱东山. 女性生育因素对主、客观认知功能的影响：基于平阴队列的横断面研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2025, 28(08): 980-988.
[15]	杨乐, 李振浩, 姚典瑞, 杨洋, 孙玉芳, 何莹. 易地扶贫搬迁老年人认知功能情况及其影响因素研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2025, 28(08): 939-947.