中国全科医学

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社区心血管疾病一级和二级预防人群用药习惯的价值观与偏好:一项探索式混合方法研究

李胜含, 杜和越, 安康, 何龙韬, 李静, 李舍予   

  • 收稿日期:2024-03-13 接受日期:2024-03-27
  • 通讯作者: 何龙韬,李静,李舍予
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(72342014)

Value and Preference of Pharmacotherapy in Community Patients with Primary and Secondary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Mixed-Methods Study

LI Shenghan, DU Heyue, AN Kang, HE Longtao, LI Jing, LI Sheyu   

  • Received:2024-03-13 Accepted:2024-03-27
  • Contact: HE Longtao, LI Jing, LI Sheyu
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摘要: 背景 药物治疗是心血管疾病一级和二级预防的重要基石,但患者对药物治疗的价值观及偏好尚不清楚。目的 以成都地区为例,了解这类患者用药价值观及偏好,有助于明确治疗方案带来的个体化负担,提供以患者为中心的临床实践。方法 本研究为探索性序列设计混合方法研究。首先于成都市三甲医院及社区医院招募符合纳入排除标准的心血管疾病一级及二级预防患者,通过焦点小组访谈法收集定性数据,了解受访者用药相关的行为、价值观与偏好。应用并MXAQDA 2020对访谈内容进行编码、归类,用Colaizzi七步分析法进一步进行整理、分析,并提炼访谈主题。完成定性研究后,结合访谈归纳的主题,再设计定量问卷,进一步就受访者用药相关的价值观与偏好的量化情况做出分析。结果 定性研究共提炼出4个主题,分别为①对药物的认知及行为、②用药的阻碍因素、③用药的促进因素、④对医疗服务的需求。定量研究共回收有效问卷186份(回收率93.5%),结果提示漏服药的行为普遍存在,并进一步证实定量研究中社会污名化和用药负担的存在。尽管用药的偏好具有高度异质性,调查对象普遍更倾向于更少的服药种类和频率,同时不倾向于使用注射制剂。结论 在临床实践中,可考虑增加复方制剂的使用,以及将药物治疗方案与患者日常生活及工作整合,以减少用药负担。同时还应积极干预患者对疾病及药物的错误认知及行为,提升患者的用药依从性。

关键词: 心血管疾病, 药物治疗, 价值观, 偏好, 混合方法研究

Abstract: Background Pharmacotherapy is the cornerstone of primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), but the values and preferences of community patients for pharmacotherapy remain unclear. Objective To understand the values and preferences of pharmacotherapy in community patients with primary and secondary prevention of ASCVD, which would help clarify the individualized treatment burden and provide patient-centered clinical practice. Methods This was a sequential exploratory mixed-methods research. Firstly, we recruited eligible patients in tertiary hospitals and community hospitals in Chengdu from November 2021 to January 2022. Focus group was conducted to collect qualitative data of medication use, values, and preferences. MXAQDA 2020 was applied to facilitate qualitative data analysis, and Colaizzi's seven-step approach was further used to identify themes. After completing the qualitative research, a questionnaire was designed based on the themes captured in the interviews to further analyze the values and preferences related to drug use in a quantitative way. Results A total of 4 themes were extracted from the qualitative data, including knowledge and use of medications, barriers of medication use, facilitators of drug use, and need for medical services. A total of 186 valid questionnaires were collected in the quantitative study (recovery rate 93.5%). The quantitative data showed that missing dose was common, and confirmed the existence of social stigma and treatment burden in this group of participants. Although preferences in medication use were highly heterogeneous, participants generally preferred taking fewer medications with less frequency, and were less likely to use injectable medications. Conclusion The study suggests that it may be appropriate to increase the use of compound preparations, and make treatment plans in accordance with patients' daily life and work to reduce the treatment burden of pharmacotherapy. In addition, we should be active in managing the misconception and misuse in pharmacotherapy in order to improve patients' medication adherence.

Key words: Cardiovascular diseases, Pharmacotherapy, Value, Preference, Mix-method study