中国全科医学 ›› 2024, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (17): 2124-2129.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0822

• 论著·慢性病共病专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于潜在类别分析的多重慢病老年人健康相关行为及生命质量的差异研究

廖雁鸣1,2, 郑晓1,2,4, 薛雅卿3, 肖淑娟1,2, 薛本立1,2, 李欣茹1,2, 陈一鸣1,2, 张梦洁1,2, 张持晨1,2,4,*()   

  1. 1.510515 广东省广州市,南方医科大学卫生管理学院
    2.510515 广东省广州市,广东省高校哲学社会科学(健康管理政策与精准健康服务协同创新研究)重点实验室
    3.710061 陕西省西安市,西北妇女儿童医院
    4.510030 广东省佛山市,南方医科大学顺德医院(佛山市顺德区第一人民医院)健康管理科
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-15 修回日期:2024-01-16 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2024-03-22
  • 通讯作者: 张持晨

  • 作者贡献:

    张持晨提出研究思路和总体目标,负责研究的设计与实施,文章的质量控制与审查,对文章整体负责,全程监督管理;廖雁鸣负责数据分析以及撰写论文;廖雁鸣、郑晓、薛雅卿、肖淑娟、薛本立、李欣茹、陈一鸣、张梦洁进行数据的收集与整理;廖雁鸣、郑晓、肖淑娟、薛本立、张持晨进行论文的修订。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(72274091); 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金自然科学基金面上项目(2022A1515011591); 广东省哲学社会科学规划一般项目(GD23CGL06); 广东省高校哲学社会科学重点实验室项目(2015WSY0010)

Differences in Health-related Behaviors and Quality of Life among Older Adults with Multimorbidity Based on Latent Class Analysis

LIAO Yanming1,2, ZHENG Xiao1,2,4, XUE Yaqing3, XIAO Shujuan1,2, XUE Benli1,2, LI Xinru1,2, CHEN Yiming1,2, ZHANG Mengjie1,2, ZHANG Chichen1,2,4,*()   

  1. 1. School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province for Collaborative Innovation of Health Management Policy and Precision Health Service, Guangzhou 510515, China
    3. Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710061, China
    4. Department of Health Management, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan 510030, China
  • Received:2023-11-15 Revised:2024-01-16 Published:2024-06-15 Online:2024-03-22
  • Contact: ZHANG Chichen

摘要: 背景 我国人口老龄化日益严峻,老年人慢性病患病率快速增长,多重慢病日趋突出,导致慢性病防治工作难度较大。不良健康相关行为是可改变的慢性病危险因素,探索多重慢病老年人健康相关行为潜在类别及其与生命质量的关联有助于识别其健康相关行为类别特征,挖掘影响生命质量的风险行为,为开展精准健康管理提升老年人生命质量提供参考。 目的 探索多重慢病老年人的健康相关行为潜在类别以及各潜在类别老年人生命质量的差异。 方法 基于本团队2021年建立的"社区老年人群健康行为追踪调查(CHBEPS)"的基线数据,选取年龄≥60岁的1 395例多重慢病老年人作为研究对象。采用自制问卷收集研究对象基本信息、患病情况、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、饮食偏好。采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、国际体力活动短量表中文版(IPAQ-S-C)、社会网络量表简版(LSNS-6)调查研究对象的熬夜、体力活动、社会网络情况。采用欧洲五维五水平健康量表(EQ-5D-5L)调查研究对象的生命质量。采用Mplus 8.3软件对多重慢病老年人进行健康相关行为潜在类别分析,在确定拟合模型的基础上,以多重慢病老年人健康相关行为的潜在类别分组,采用SPSS 26.0软件进行Kruskal-Wallis和Wilcoxon秩和检验分析不同健康相关行为潜在类别多重慢病老年人生命质量的差异。 结果 多重慢病老年人健康相关行为可分别分为4个潜在类别,分别命名为健康行为组(n=280)、危险行为组(n=366)、综合行为组(n=173)、不良健康行为组(n=576)。4个潜在类别老年人生命质量比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中,健康行为组的生命质量高于危险行为组、不良健康行为组(P<0.05)。 结论 在为多重慢病老年人进行精准健康管理时应考量其健康相关行为特征,重点关注吸烟、饮酒及饮食口味偏好中喜甜、辣、咸等行为概率较高的人群,以及注重荤素搭配、经常食用蔬菜和水果以及社会网络等行为概率较低的人群,同时应关注到体力活动不足等共性问题有针对性地采取措施,提升多重慢病老年人健康管理的有效性及生命质量。

关键词: 多重慢病, 健康相关行为, 生命质量, 健康管理, 潜在类别分析

Abstract:

Background

The severe trend of the aging population, the rapid increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases among older adults, and the greater prominence of multimorbidity have posed challenges to the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in China. Adverse health-related behaviors are modifiable risk factors for chronic diseases. Exploring the latent classes of health-related behaviors in older adults with multimorbidity and their associations with quality of life will help identify the characteristics of their health-related behaviors and uncover risk behaviors affecting the quality of life, providing references for precise health management to improve the quality of life of older adults.

Objective

To explore the latent classes of health-related behaviors in older adults with multimorbidity and the differences in the quality of life among the different classes.

Methods

Based on the baseline data from the Community Health and Behavior of the Elderly Panel Study (CHBEPS) conducted by our team in 2021, a total of 1 395 older adults aged 60 years and above with multimorbidity were included as study participants. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect basic information, including disease status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and dietary preferences of the participants. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short-Chinese Version (IPAQ-S-C), and Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (LSNS-6) were used to assess staying up late, physical activity, and social network of the participants, respectively. The EuroQol five-dimensional five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) was used to measure the quality of life of the participants. Latent class analysis of health-related behaviors among older adults with multimorbidity was conducted using Mplus 8.3 software. Based on the fitted model, the different latent classes of health-related behaviors among older adults with multimorbidity were used as groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were performed using SPSS 26.0 software to analyze the differences in quality of life among these groups.

Results

Four latent classes of health-related behaviors were identified among older adults with multimorbidity, which are named the health behavior group (n=280), risk behavior group (n=366), comprehensive behavior group (n=173), and adverse behavior group (n=576). There were statistically significant differences in quality of life among the four latent classes (P<0.05). Specifically, the quality of life in the health behavior group was higher than that in the risk behavior group and adverse behavior group (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

When implementing precise health management for older adults with multimorbidity, the characteristics of their health-related behaviors should be taken into account. Special attention should be given to those with a higher probability of behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and a preference for sweet, spicy, and salty tastes, as well as those with a lower probability of behaviors such as a balanced diet, regular consumption of vegetables and fruits, and social networks. Additionally, measures targeted at addressing common issues such as insufficient physical activity should be implemented to improve the effectiveness of health management and the quality of life of older adults with multimorbidity.

Key words: Multimorbidity, Health-related behavior, Quality of life, Health management, Latent class analysis

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