中国全科医学 ›› 2024, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (18): 2192-2197.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0757

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于竞争风险模型分析超高龄人群跌倒致长期卧床的危险因素及预测模型研究

徐云佳1, 舒碧芸2, 郑永韬3, 陈挺3, 来芬华3, 倪梦姣3, 罗秀兰3, 吴恒璟4,*()   

  1. 1.311200 浙江省杭州市萧山区第一人民医院老年病医学科
    2.200120 上海市生物医药科技发展中心
    3.311200 浙江省杭州市萧山区疾病预防控制中心
    4.201600 上海市,同济大学附属养志康复医院(上海市阳光康复中心)智能康复临床研究中心
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-30 修回日期:2023-12-25 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-03-22
  • 通讯作者: 吴恒璟

  • 作者贡献:

    徐云佳负责论文数据分析和初稿撰写;舒碧芸负责上海部分的数据收集整理、绘制图表并协助设计研究思路;郑永韬负责论文数据整理清洗和数据分析,协助初稿撰写;陈挺、来芬华负责杭州部分数据的收集整理;倪梦姣、罗秀兰负责数据整合录入,协助参与论文内容格式修改;吴恒璟提出研究思路、提供研究资源和经费支持、完善论文最终内容并对论文负责。

  • 基金资助:
    上海申康医院发展中心临床三年行动计划研究型医师能力项目(SHDC2022CRS049)

Risk Factors and Predictive Model of Long-term Bedridden Risk of Falls in Super-aged Population Based on Competing Risk Model Analysis

XU Yunjia1, SHU Biyun2, ZHENG Yongtao3, CHEN Ting3, LAI Fenhua3, NI Mengjiao3, LUO Xiulan3, WU Hengjing4,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Geriatric Medicine, the First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou 311200, China
    2. Shanghai Center of Biomedicine Development, Shanghai 200120, China
    3. Xiaoshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 311200, China
    4. Clinical Center for Intelligent Rehabilitation Research, Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital, Tongji University (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Shanghai 201600, China
  • Received:2023-10-30 Revised:2023-12-25 Published:2024-06-20 Online:2024-03-22
  • Contact: WU Hengjing

摘要: 背景 随着我国老龄化趋势的加剧,超高龄人群(≥80岁)的数量也在不断增加,这类人群平衡感和反应能力会明显减弱,跌倒的发生的危害也远高于其他年龄段的老年人,跌倒致长期卧床常给家庭和社会造成严重的疾病负担,探究超高龄人群跌倒的潜在危险因素,可为此类人群的跌倒预防工作提供参考。 目的 分析超高龄人群跌倒致长期卧床的危险因素并构建风险预测模型。 方法 于2015年3—11月选取上海市及杭州市5个区县每年定期参与体检的超高龄人群作为研究对象,建立前瞻性队列研究并基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)问卷收集研究对象相关信息,随访观察跌倒致长期卧床(目标事件)和死亡(竞争事件)的发生情况。采用竞争风险模型分析超高龄人群跌倒致长期卧床的影响因素;将竞争风险模型筛选出的独立危险因素构建超高龄人群跌倒致长期卧床风险预测模型列线图并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线来评价模型的准确性。 结果 本研究共纳入986名超高龄老年人,其中男431名(43.7%)、女555名(56.3%),平均年龄为(89.8±5.2)岁。经过8年的随访,失访96名,失访率为9.7%;发生目标事件165名,发生率为16.7%;发生竞争事件134名,发生率为13.6%。竞争风险模型分析结果显示,在有竞争事件的影响下,肌力的增加(HR=1.071,95%CI=1.049~1.091)、年龄>85岁(HR=1.954,95%CI=1.255~3.042)、居住地为农村(HR=1.946,95%CI=1.385~2.731)、睡眠质量较差(HR=5.756,95%CI=3.904~8.491)、白内障(HR=1.832,95%CI=1.201~2.794)、糖尿病(HR=1.549,95%CI=1.121~2.143)、认知功能损害(HR=1.717,95%CI=1.258~2.344)为超高龄人群跌倒致长期卧床发生风险的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。超高龄人群跌倒致长期卧床风险预测模型的ROC曲线下面积为0.798(95%CI=0.608~0.988),灵敏度为0.841,特异度为0.677。 结论 超高龄人群跌倒致长期卧床的发生率达16.7%,可根据肌力、年龄、居住地、睡眠质量、白内障和糖尿病患病情况、认知功能等因素,构建列线图预测模型定期评估超高龄人群的跌倒风险,需加强健康教育和社会支持,降低跌倒的发生率和跌倒致长期卧床的风险。

关键词: 老年人,80以上, 跌倒, 长期卧床, 危险因素, 列线图, 队列研究, 竞争风险模型

Abstract:

Background

With the aging trend intensifying in China, the number of super-aged population (≥80 years old) is also increasing. This demographic faces a notable decline in balance and reaction capabilities, resulting in an elevated risk of falls than that of other age groups of the elderly. Falls leading to long-term bedridden risk of falls often pose a serious disease burden to families and society. Exploring the potential risk factors for falls in the super-aged people may provide reference for the fall prevention in this population.

Objective

To identify long-term bedridden risk of falls in super-aged population and develop a risk predictive model.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted to collect relevant information based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study questionnaire among the super-aged people who regularly participate in annual physical examination in five districts and counties of Shanghai and Hangzhou from March to November 2015, and to follow up and observe long-term bedridden caused by falls (endpoint events) and death (competing events), a competing risk model was constructed to analyze the influencing factors of long-term bedridden caused by falls. Independent risk factors identified by the competing risk model were used to construct a risk predictive model and nomogram of long-term bedridden risk of falls in super-aged population, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate the accuracy of the model.

Results

A total of 986 super-aged individuals were included in this study, including 431 (43.7%) males and 555 (56.3%) females, with an average age of (89.8±5.2) years. After 8 years of follow-up, 96 people were lost to follow-up, with a loss rate of 9.7%; endpoint events occurred in 165 people with an incidence rate of 16.7%; 134 people had competing events, with an incidence rate of 13.6%. Competing risk model analysis showed an increase in muscle strength (HR=1.071, 95%CI=1.049-1.091), age>85 years (HR=1.954, 95%CI=1.255-3.042), rural household location (HR=1.946, 95%CI=1.385-2.731), poor sleep quality (HR=5.756, 95%CI=3.904-8.491), cataract (HR=1.832, 95%CI=1.201-2.794), diabetes (HR=1.549, 95%CI=1.121-2.143), cognitive impairment (HR=1.717, 95%CI=1.258-2.344) were independent risk factors for long-term bedridden caused by falls in elderly population under the influence of competing events, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of the predictive model for the risk of falls resulting in long-term bedridden in the super-aged people was 0.798 (95%CI=0.608-0.988), with a sensitivity of 0.841 and a specificity of 0.677.

Conclusion

The incidence of long-term bedridden caused by falls in elderly population was 16.7%. A nomogram predictive model can be constructed based on factors such as muscle strength, age, household location, sleep quality, cataracts and diabetes status, cognitive function, to regularly assess the risk of falls in super-aged population. It is recommended to strengthen health education and social support, and reduce the incidence of falls and the risk of long-term bedridden caused by falls.

Key words: Aged, 80 and over, Falls, Long-term bedridden, Risk factors, Nomograms, Cohort studies, Competing risk models

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