中国全科医学 ›› 2024, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (17): 2113-2118.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0191

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

B细胞淋巴瘤2表达与B细胞淋巴瘤2抑制剂在骨髓增生异常综合征患者中疗效的相关性研究

吴佳霏1, 王珺2, 王依景3, 郑博月1, 王宇3, 江川艳4, 董丹丹5, 李慧1,3,*()   

  1. 1.610054 四川省成都市,电子科技大学医学院
    2.610500 四川省成都市,成都医学院临床医学院
    3.610000 四川省成都市,四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院血液内科
    4.610021 四川省成都市第二人民医院血液科
    5.610000 四川省成都市,四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院病理科
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-14 修回日期:2023-08-18 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2024-03-22
  • 通讯作者: 李慧

  • 作者贡献:

    吴佳霏负责论文撰写、收集数据、论文撰写;王珺负责数据分析;王珺、王依景、郑博月、王宇、江川艳负责收集数据、随访患者;董丹丹负责随访患者;李慧提出研究课题,负责论文审查与修订。

  • 基金资助:
    四川省自然科学基金资助项目(23NSFSC0607); 白求恩血液科研究能力建设项目(J202201E023)

Correlation between Bcl-2 Expression and the Efficacy of Bcl-2 Inhibitors in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes

WU Jiafei1, WANG Jun2, WANG Yijing3, ZHENG Boyue1, WANG Yu3, JIANG Chuanyan4, DONG Dandan5, LI Hui1,3,*()   

  1. 1. School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
    2. School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
    3. Department of Hematology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences·Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610000, China
    4. Deparment of Hematology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu 610021, China
    5. Department of Pathology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences·Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610000, China
  • Received:2023-03-14 Revised:2023-08-18 Published:2024-06-15 Online:2024-03-22
  • Contact: LI Hui

摘要: 背景 骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)异质性较强,现有治疗方案疗效欠佳,患者预后个体差异较大。B细胞淋巴瘤2(Bcl-2)蛋白在髓系肿瘤患者中高表达,既往研究认为其与疾病进展、化疗耐药及患者总生存期缩短有关。Bcl-2抑制剂维奈克拉(VEN)被批准用于老年不适合用强化治疗的初诊急性髓系白血病(AML)患者,在MDS患者中应用数据较少。Bcl-2在MDS患者中的表达是否存在差异及其与VEN治疗的疗效和预后是否存在相关性,目前尚缺少研究报道。 目的 通过分析Bcl-2蛋白在MDS患者中的表达,评估其是否与VEN治疗的疗效和预后相关。 方法 回顾性分析2018年7月—2022年12月就诊于四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院71例MDS患者的临床资料。收集患者基线数据:性别、年龄、血常规、血生化、骨髓细胞学、流式细胞学、染色体核型、髓系基因突变、融合基因突变、MDS-EB分型。通过免疫组化染色技术检测Bcl-2蛋白表达。依据修正版国际预后积分系统(IPSS-R)将患者分为极低危(0例)、低危(1例)、中危(7例)、高危(40例)和极高危(23例)5个危险度。将患者骨髓Bcl-2阳性率≥10%定义为Bcl-2阳性,<10%为Bcl-2阴性。将患者分为阳性组(n=38)和阴性组(n=33)。在63例高危与极高危MDS患者中,有38例患者接受治疗并进行疗效评估,其中28例患者接受VEN联合阿扎胞苷(VA联合方案)治疗,10例接受低甲基化药物(HMA,包括阿扎胞苷或地西他滨)单药治疗。对患者进行随访,随访截止时间为2022-12-30。绘制Kaplan-Meier曲线分析不同患者的总生存时间(OS)并采用Log-rank检验进行比较。采用单因素Cox回归模型分析患者OS的影响因素。 结果 阳性组患者融合基因突变、髓系核磷蛋白1(NPM1)基因突变比例高于阴性组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。10例接受HMA单药治疗的患者中有1例Bcl-2阴性,9例Bcl-2阳性,治疗14 d后,其中4例(40.0%)患者获得复合完全缓解(CR/mCR);28例接受VA联合方案的患者中有12例Bcl-2阴性,16例Bcl-2阳性,治疗14 d后,20例(71.4%)接受VA联合方案的患者获得CR/mCR。两种治疗方案患者获得CR/mCR比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.087)。VA联合治疗方案患者中位生存时间(mOS)为6.9个月,其中Bcl-2阴性患者mOS为2.9个月,Bcl-2阳性患者mOS为7.4个月。Bcl-2阳性患者与Bcl-2阴性患者生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.075,P=0.150)。接受HMA单药方案Bcl-2阳性患者的mOS为4.3个月,与接受VA联合方案Bcl-2阳性患者生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.824,P=0.364)。单因素Cox回归模型分析结果显示,年龄、Bcl-2蛋白表达、突变基因数量、染色体核型、MDS-EB分型、IPSS-R危险度、疗效不是接受VA联合方案治疗患者OS的影响因素(P>0.05)。 结论 Bcl-2蛋白促使MDS融合基因突变和髓系基因突变;Bcl-2阳性表达与MDS患者生存情况无关;接受VA联合方案的Bcl-2阳性患者与Bcl-2阴性患者生存率无差异。

关键词: 骨髓增生异常综合征, B细胞淋巴瘤2, 维奈克拉, 预后, 干预效果

Abstract:

Background

The heterogeneity of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is strong, with poor efficacy of existing therapeutic regimens and large individual differences in patient prognosis. B-cell lymphomato-2 (Bcl-2) protein is highly expressed in patients with myeloid tumors, which has been proved by previous to be associated with disease progression, chemotherapy resistance, and shortened overall survival. The Bcl-2 inhibitor Veneckla (VEN) is approved for elderly patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are not eligible for intensive therapy, and there is less data on its use in MDS patients. The difference in Bcl-2 expression in MDS patients and its correlation with the efficacy and prognosis of VEN therapy haven't been reported.

Objective

To analyse the expression of Bcl-2 protein in MDS patients and assess its correlation with the efficacy and prognosis of VEN treatment.

Methods

The clinical data of 71 patients with MDS admitted to Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences·Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from July 2018 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline data of patients including gender, age, blood routine, blood biochemistry, bone marrow hemocytology, flow cytometry, chromosome karyotype, myeloid gene mutation, fusion gene mutation and MDS-EB typing were collected. The expression of Bcl-2 protein was detected by immunohistochemical staining. According to the modified International Prognostic Score System (IPSS-R), the patients were divided into 5 risk levels of very low risk (0 case), low risk (1 case), medium risk (7 cases), high risk (40 cases) and very high risk (23 cases). Patients with bone marrow Bcl-2 positivity≥10% were defined as Bcl-2 positive and<10% as Bcl-2 negative. Patients were divided into the positive group (n=38) and negative group (n=33). Of 63 patients with high-risk and very high-risk MDS, 38 were treated and evaluated for efficacy, including 28 patients who received VEN combined with azacitidine (VA combination regimen) and 10 patients who received hypomethylated drugs (HMA, including azacitidine or decitabine) as monotherapy. The patients were followed up until 2022-12-30. Kaplan-Meier curve was plotted to analyze the overall survival time (OS) of different patients, and Log-rank test was used for comparison. Univariate Cox regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of patients' OS.

Results

The proportions of fusion gene mutation and nuclear myeloid phosphoprotein 1 (NPM1) gene mutation in the positive group were higher than those in the negative group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Of the 10 patients who received HMA monotherapy, 1 was Bcl-2 negative and 9 were Bcl-2 positive, after 14 days of treatment, 4 of them (40.0%) achieved composite complete response (CR/mCR). Of the 28 patients receiving the VA combination regimen, 12 were Bcl-2 negative and 16 were Bcl-2 positive, and after 14 days of treatment, 20 (71.4%) patients receiving the VA combination regimen achieved CR/mCR. There was no significant difference in CR/mCR ratio between the two treatment regimens (P=0.087). The median overall survival time (mOS) for patients with VA combination therapy was 6.9 months, with a mOS of 2.9 months for Bcl-2 negative patients and 7.4 months for Bcl-2 positive patients. There was no significant difference in survival rate between Bcl-2 positive patients and Bcl-2 negative patients (χ2=2.075, P=0.150). The mOS of Bcl-2 positive patients receiving HMA monotherapy was 4.3 months, and there was no significant difference in the survival rate comparing with Bcl-2 positive patients receiving VA combination regimen (χ2=0.824, P=0.364). Univariate Cox regression model analysis showed that age, Bcl-2 protein expression, mutant gene number, chromosome karyotype, MDS-EB typing, IPSS-R risk, and efficacy were not the influencing factors for OS in patients treated with VA combination regimen (P>0.05) .

Conclusion

Bcl-2 protein contributes to MDS fusion gene mutation and myeloid gene mutation; Bcl-2 positive expression was not associated with the survival of MDS patients. There was no difference in survival rate between Bcl-2 positive and Bcl-2 negative patients who received the VA combination regimen.

Key words: Myelodysplastic syndromes, Bcl-2, Venetoclax, Prognosis, Intervention effect