中国全科医学 ›› 2022, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (28): 3562-3568.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0076

• 论著·社区药学服务研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

上海市社区药学服务开展现状

乔曼华1,2, 吴文辉3, 刘真伟1,2, 陈睦涵1,2, 王草1,2, 唐琪1,2, 吕军1,2, 陈刚1,4,*()   

  1. 1200032 上海市,复旦大学公共卫生学院
    2200032 上海市,复旦大学中国残疾问题研究中心
    3200125 上海市卫生健康委员会药政管理处
    4200032 上海市,国家卫生健康委员会卫生技术评估重点实验室(复旦大学)
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-08 修回日期:2022-05-26 出版日期:2022-10-05 发布日期:2022-08-11
  • 通讯作者: 陈刚
  • 乔曼华,吴文辉,刘真伟,等.上海市社区药学服务开展现状[J].中国全科医学,2022,25(28):3562-3568.[www.chinagp.net]
    作者贡献:乔曼华负责论文撰写;陈刚负责研究项目的构思与设计;吴文辉、吕军、陈刚负责研究的实施与可行性分析;乔曼华、刘真伟、陈睦涵、王草、唐琪负责数据收集核对整理及统计分析。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目(17ZDA078); 国家自然科学基金青年项目(72004030); 上海市卫生健康委员会政策研究课题(2020HP21); 上海市合理用药管理策略研究(SHWJWYZC002)

Community Pharmaceutical Services Implemented in Shanghai

Manhua QIAO1,2, Wenhui WU3, Zhenwei LIU1,2, Muhan CHEN1,2, Cao WANG1,2, Qi TANG1,2, Jun LYU1,2, Gang CHEN1,4,*()   

  1. 1School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    2China Research Center on Disability Issues, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    3Pharmaceutical Administration Office of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 200125, China
    4National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Fudan University) , Shanghai 200032, China
  • Received:2022-02-08 Revised:2022-05-26 Published:2022-10-05 Online:2022-08-11
  • Contact: Gang CHEN
  • About author:
    QIAO M H, WU W H, LIU Z W, et al. Community pharmaceutical services implemented in Shanghai[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2022, 25 (28) : 3562-3568.

摘要: 背景 老年人多患有两种以上的慢性病,存在多重用药的问题。社区卫生服务机构是保障患者合理用药的关键,在目前社区药学服务存在诸多问题情况下,如何更好地利用现有资源提升社区药学服务水平有待探索。 目的 了解上海市社区药学服务的现况,为改善社区药学服务提供参考。 方法 课题组前期通过文献积累和现场走访,研制了"社区药学人员调查问卷"和"老年人合理用药"项目访谈提纲。于2020年9—12月,采用分阶段抽样法从上海市抽取235例药学人员参与问卷调查;2020年11月,邀请每所机构社区药学人员、全科医生和社区管理人员各1例,以及各区卫生健康委员会分管人员2~3例,共计82例,参加焦点小组访谈。本研究从中提取出涉及社区药学服务资源配置、社区药学服务开展及管理等方面访谈内容,作为定量研究的补充。 结果 235例被调查社区药学人员中,分别有221例(94.0%)、194例(82.6%)、151例(64.3%)和122例(51.9%)开展处方调剂、处方审核、药学窗口或门诊咨询指导、处方点评服务;各个服务项目的平均综合得分排序前两位者为处方调剂和处方审核(提示此两项占据了社区药学人员较多的工作时长);开展方式上,分别有226例(96.2%)、119例(50.6%)和109例(46.4%)药学人员开展服务的方式为咨询窗口、药学门诊和宣传讲座。235例被调查社区药学人员中,53例(22.6%)参加家庭医生团队,其中22例(41.5%)拥有临床药师资格;53例参加家庭医生团队的社区药学人员中,分别有47例(88.7%)和45例(84.9%)提供合理用药宣教服务和患者的用药指导与咨询服务。235例被调查社区药学人员中,55例(23.4%)过去1年内未参加过培训,180例(76.6%)参加过培训;参加培训药学人员中,105例(58.3%)培训次数为1~2次,155例(86.1%)培训方式为继续教育。问卷调查和座谈结果均显示,配发药与处方审核等工作量大、临床知识缺乏、患者对药师缺乏信任、缺乏绩效激励为主要问题。 结论 为满足多病老年患者的需求,需要帮助药学人员减轻繁重的传统服务工作,加强现有人员的临床培养,鼓励其加入家庭医生团队,在团队中通过为医务人员提供药学咨询服务和知识培训,扩大药学服务的影响范围,保障合理用药。

关键词: 社区卫生服务, 药学服务, 家庭医生团队, 上海

Abstract:

Background

Most of the elderly are prone to more than two chronic diseases and polypharmacy. Community health institutions are the key to ensuring rational drug use for in this population. Given many problems existing in the delivery of community pharmaceutical services, how to make better use of existing resources to improve the level of community pharmaceutical services remains to be further explored.

Objective

To understand the status of community pharmaceutical services implemented in Shanghai, providing a reference for improving community pharmaceutical services.

Methods

We conducted a survey in Shanghai with 235 pharmaceutical professionals selected by use of phased sampling from September to December 2020 with a questionnaire named as "Community Pharmacists Questionnaire" developed by us based on the results of previous literature review and on-site visits. In November 2020, we conducted a focus group interview with 82 stakeholders (including one pharmaceutical professional, one general practitioner and one community administrator selected from each community, two or three administrators selected from the health commission of each district) in Shanghai guided by an outline named as "Rational Drug Use for the Elderly" developed by us based on the results of previous literature review and on-site visits. The allocation of community pharmaceutical care resources, implementation and management of community pharmaceutical care involved in the interview were extracted as supplements to the survey results.

Results

Among the 235 community pharmacists surveyed, the prevalence of providing prescription dispensing, prescription review, pharmaceutical drive-thru window services or outpatient consultation and guidance, and prescription comment services was 94.0% (221/235) , 82.6% (194/235) , 64.3% (151/235) , and 51.9% (122/235) , respectively. Among these services, prescription dispensing and prescription review were ranked as the top two in terms of average comprehensive score, indicating that implementing these two services required longer working hours of community pharmacists. In terms of the delivery methods of community pharmaceutical services, community pharmacists mainly used consultation windows〔226 cases (96.2%) 〕, pharmaceutical clinics〔119 cases (50.6%) 〕 and publicity lectures〔109 cases (46.4%) 〕. Only 53 (22.6%) participated in the family doctor team, among whom 22 (41.5%) had the qualification of clinical pharmacist; 47 (88.7%) mainly provided public education on rational drug use, and 45 (84.9%) mainly provided medication guidance and consultation services for patients. In terms of training, 180 cases (76.6%) participated in a training in the past one year, while other 55 (23.4%) cases did not. The number of trainings for most of cases was one or two times〔105 (58.3%) 〕. The way of trainings for most of cases was continuing education〔155 (86.1%) 〕. Both the questionnaire survey and interview results revealed that the main problems existing in the provision of community pharmaceutical services were heavy workload of dispensing/prescription review, lack of clinical knowledge patients' insufficient trust in pharmacists, and lack of performance incentives.

Conclusion

To meet the pharmaceutical needs of elderly patients with multiple chronic conditions, actions need to be taken to reduce the heavy workload of delivering traditional services in pharmacists, strengthen the clinical training of in-service pharmacists, and encourage pharmacists to join the family doctor team. Through providing pharmaceutical consultations and trainings for other family doctor team members by pharmacists, the scope of influence of pharmaceutical services will be expanded, which contributes to the ensuring of rational drug use.

Key words: Community health services, Pharmaceutical services, Family doctor team, Shanghai