中国全科医学 ›› 2022, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (25): 3075-3082.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0515

所属专题: 神经退行性病变最新文章合集 阿尔茨海默病最新文章合集 述评栏目最新文章合集

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WHO和25个国家(地区)应对失智症行动计划及其对我国的启示

王丹1,2, 刘跃华1,2, 朱学敏1,2, 杨昊鹏1,3, 索靖东1,2, 申贤磊1,2, 梁万年1,2,*()   

  1. 1.100084 北京市,清华大学万科公共卫生与健康学院
    2.100084 北京市,清华大学健康中国研究院
    3.518055 广东省深圳市,清华大学医院管理研究院
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-14 修回日期:2022-07-18 出版日期:2022-09-05 发布日期:2022-07-21
  • 通讯作者: 梁万年
  • 王丹,刘跃华,朱学敏,等. WHO和25个国家(地区)应对失智症行动计划及其对我国的启示[J].中国全科医学,2022,25(25):3075-3082,3096.[www.chinagp.net]
    作者贡献:王丹、刘跃华负责文章的构思与设计;王丹、朱学敏、杨昊鹏、索靖东、申贤磊负责资料的收集与整理;王丹、刘跃华负责文章的撰写与修订;梁万年负责对文章进行审校和质量监督。
  • 基金资助:
    深圳市"医疗卫生三名工程"资助项目(SZSM202111001); 清华大学万科公共卫生与健康学院自主科研项目——健康政策与体系创新研究(2021ZZ001); 科技部重大项目——全球重大突发传染病智能化主动监测预警系统研发及应用(2021ZD0114105); 国家卫生健康委体改司委托项目——卫生健康治理体系和治理能力现代化研究(20212001527); 国家卫生健康委体改司委托项目——"世行贷款中国医疗卫生改革促进项目"终末评价(20212001274); 中国与世界卫生组织2020—2021双年度合作项目(20212001072)

Action Plans on Dementia from the WHO and 25 Countries (Regions) and Implications for China

Dan WANG1,2, Yuehua LIU1,2, Xuemin ZHU1,2, Haopeng YANG1,3, Jingdong SUO1,2, Xianlei SHEN1,2, Wannian LIANG1,2,*()   

  1. 1. Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    2. Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    3. Institute for Hospital Management of Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
  • Received:2022-07-14 Revised:2022-07-18 Published:2022-09-05 Online:2022-07-21
  • Contact: Wannian LIANG
  • About author:
    WANG D, LIU Y H, ZHU X M, et al. Action plans on dementia from the WHO and 25 countries (regions) and implications for China [J] . Chinese General Practice, 2022, 25 (25) : 3075-3082, 3096.

摘要: 失智症是人口老龄化带来的重大公共卫生挑战。本文介绍了WHO"2017—2025年公共卫生领域应对失智症全球行动计划"(简称"全球行动计划")的出台背景,并系统阐述了"全球行动计划"的7个优先行动领域,分别为:将失智症作为公共卫生重点、友好意识、控制危险因素、诊疗与护理、人员支持、建设信息系统、研究与创新。本文检索的2009年至今25个国家(地区)发布的国家(地区)层面的应对失智症行动计划,分别从预防、干预、研究、支持、实施、立法和评估等方面进行了优先行动领域的部署。目前,我国尚缺乏国家层面的失智症行动计划,结合WHO和25个国家(地区)的优先事项和具体措施,建议我国在制定失智症国家行动计划时,应充分考虑WHO成员国在高危人群早期筛查、减少危险因素、制定长期护理保险、营造友善社会氛围、建设国家监测系统等方面的成功经验。

关键词: 失智症, 阿尔茨海默病, 国家卫生规划, 老年人保健服务, 卫生信息系统, 保险, 长期医疗, 综述

Abstract:

Dementia is a major public health challenge associated with population aging. This paper introduces the background of the development of WHO "Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to Dementia 2017—2025", with a focus on targets set across seven areas: dementia as a public health priority, dementia awareness and friendliness, dementia risk reduction, dementia diagnosis, treatment, care and support, support for dementia carers, information systems for dementia, and dementia research and innovation. We found 25 countries (regions) who have developed policies, strategies, plans or action frameworks on dementia since 2009, with targets involving areas of prevention, intervention, research, support, implementation, legislation and evaluation. As China still lacks a national dementia action plan, we put forward the following recommendations on the development of a China's national action plan on dementia: referring to the action priorities and specific measures for containing dementia of the WHO and 25 countries (regions) ; appropriately drawing lessons from successful experiences of WHO Member States in early screening for dementia in high-risk groups, reducing dementia risk factors, developing long-term dementia care insurance, creating a dementia friendly social environment, and building a national dementia monitoring system.

Key words: Dementia, Alzheimer disease, National health programs, Health services for the aged, Health information systems, Insurance, long-term care, Review