中国全科医学 ›› 2022, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (16): 1950-1955.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0131

所属专题: 老年人群健康最新文章合集 老年问题最新文章合集

• 论著·人群健康研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

中老年人日常生活活动能力减弱情况及影响因素研究

熊保盈, 刘太一, 陈婷*()   

  1. 430065 湖北省武汉市,武汉科技大学医学院公共卫生学院 职业危害识别与控制湖北省重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-17 修回日期:2022-04-01 出版日期:2022-06-05 发布日期:2022-05-05
  • 通讯作者: 陈婷
  • 熊保盈,刘太一,陈婷.中老年人日常生活活动能力减弱情况及影响因素研究[J].中国全科医学,2022,25(16):1950-1955. [www.chinagp.net]
    作者贡献:陈婷负责文章的构思和设计;熊保盈负责文章的可行性分析及论文撰写;刘太一负责文章的修订和质量控制。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(71503090)

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Decline in Activities of Daily Living among Middle-aged and Older Adults

Baoying XIONG, Taiyi LIU, Ting CHEN*()   

  1. School of Public Health/Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
  • Received:2021-12-17 Revised:2022-04-01 Published:2022-06-05 Online:2022-05-05
  • Contact: Ting CHEN
  • About author:
    XIONG B Y, LIU T Y, CHEN T. Prevalence and associated factors of decline in activities of daily living among middle-aged and older adults[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2022, 25 (16) : 1950-1955.

摘要: 背景 随着健康老龄化理念不断深化,我国中老年人日常生活活动能力(ADL)成为研究的热点之一,但现有研究侧重ADL减弱的影响因素分析,缺少对中老年人ADL减弱变化过程的探究。 目的 了解中老年人衰老过程中ADL减弱的发生情况,并探究ADL减弱的影响因素。 方法 于2021年3月,基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2011、2013、2015、2018年的数据,将2011—2013、2013—2015、2015—2018年截面基期ADL未减弱且≥45岁的11 439例受试者纳入研究。以是否发生ADL减弱为因变量,以人口学特征、健康状况、资源可及性、社会心理等因素共13项指标为自变量,采用面板Logit模型分析中老年人ADL减弱发生的影响因素。 结果 2011—2013、2013—2015、2015—2018年各有1 829、1 758、1 215例中老年发生ADL减弱,ADL减弱的发生率分别为44.53%、40.43%和40.72%。面板Logit回归结果显示,年龄、性别、居住地、受教育程度、患慢性病种数、是否摔倒、是否感到身体疼痛、是否使用辅助设备、ln(人均收入)和沮丧得分是我国中老年人发生ADL减弱的影响因素(P<0.05)。 结论 影响中老年人ADL减弱的因素有年龄、受教育程度、患慢性病种数、辅助设备使用情况、人均收入和沮丧等。为缓解中老年人ADL减弱,应推动公共服务体系建设,加强中老年人的慢性病管理,鼓励康复市场的发展,增加特定人群的医疗补助,重视中老年人的心理健康。

关键词: 日常生活活动能力, 中老年人, 面板Logit回归, 影响因素分析

Abstract:

Background

Along with the advance in the concept of healthy aging, the activities of daily living (ADL) in middle-aged and older Chinese adults has become a research focus. However, factors associated with the impairment of ADL in this group have been assessed in most of available studies while the changes in the process of ADL impairment have been scarcely explored.

Objective

To assess the prevalence and associated factors of decline in ADL during the aging process of middle-aged and older adults.

Methods

This study was conducted in March 2021. Data were collected from the four waves (2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018) of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) , involving 11 439 individuals (≥45 years old) with normal baseline ADL followed up during 2011—2013, 2013—2015, or 2015—2018. Panel-data multinomial logit model was used to assess the associations of 13 factors (defined as independent variables, including demographics, health status, resource accessibility, and social psychology) with the decline in ADL (defined as dependent variable) in these people over the follow-up period.

Results

The numbers of cases of declined ADL over the three follow-up periods (2011—2013, 2013—2015, and 2015—2018) were 1 829 (44.53%) , 1 758 (40.43%) , 1 215 (40.72%) , respectively. Multinomial logit regression analysis indicated that age, gender, place of residence, education level, number of chronic diseases, prevalence of falls, prevalence of perceived pain, use of auxiliary equipment, natural logarithm of personal income per capita, and level of depression were associated with the decline in ADL (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

The decline in ADL in middle-aged and older Chinese adults may be related to age, education level, number of chronic diseases, auxiliary equipment usage, per capita income, and depression. To reduce the prevalence of declined ADL in this population, we put forward the following recommendations: promoting the construction of a public service system, strengthening chronic disease management in middle-aged and older adults, incentivizing the development of rehabilitation services market, increasing medical subsidies for specific groups, and attaching importance to the mental health of middle-aged and older adults.

Key words: Activities of daily life, Middle-aged and older adults, Panel Logit regression, Root cause analysis