中国全科医学 ›› 2022, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (07): 829-836.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.00.002

所属专题: 社区卫生服务最新研究合集

• 论著·基层卫生人员执业现况研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同等级基层医疗卫生机构家庭医生团队成员职业倦怠比较及影响因素研究

井玉荣1,2,3, 韩宛彤1,2,3, 秦文哲1,2,3, 胡芳芳1,2,3, 张娇1,2,3, 高兆溶1,2,3, 洪壮1,2,3, 孔凡磊1,2,3, 徐凌忠1,2,3,*   

  1. 1.250012 山东省济南市,山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院卫生管理与政策研究中心
    2.250012 山东省济南市,山东大学卫生经济实验与公共政策研究中心
    3.250012 山东省济南市,国家卫生健康委员会卫生经济与政策研究重点实验室(山东大学)
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-10 修回日期:2021-12-26 出版日期:2022-03-05 发布日期:2022-03-02
  • 通讯作者: 徐凌忠
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(71974118)

Burnout and Associated Factors among Family Doctor Team Members in Different Types of Primary Healthcare Institutionsa Comparative Study

JING Yurong123HAN Wantong123QIN Wenzhe123HU Fangfang123ZHANG Jiao123GAO Zhaorong123HONG Zhuang123KONG Fanlei123XU Lingzhong123*   

  1. 1.Center for Health Management and Policy ResearchSchool of Public HealthCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan 250012China

    2.Shandong University Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy ResearchJinan 250012China

    3.NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy ResearchShandong University),Jinan 250012China

    *Corresponding authorXU LingzhongProfessorDoctoral supervisorE-maillzxu@sdu.edu.cn

  • Received:2021-11-10 Revised:2021-12-26 Published:2022-03-05 Online:2022-03-02

摘要: 背景 随着家庭医生签约服务的推进,基层医疗卫生机构家庭医生团队的工作负担不断加重,职业倦怠凸显。当前,尚缺乏对不同等级基层医疗卫生机构家庭医生团队成员职业倦怠的差异性研究。 目的 比较社区卫生服务中心/乡镇卫生院和社区卫生服务站/村卫生室家庭医生团队成员的职业倦怠情况,分析其影响因素,为改善家庭医生心理健康状况、促进基层人才队伍稳定性及提高基层卫生服务质量提供依据。 方法 于2020年8月1—21日,采用多阶段整群随机抽样法在山东省泰安市6个县(市、区)抽取基层医疗卫生机构家庭医生团队成员760例,其中201例(26.4%)在社区卫生服务中心/乡镇卫生院工作,559例(73.6%)在社区卫生服务站/村卫生室工作。采用一般情况调查表和职业倦怠量表(MBI-GS)对纳入对象进行问卷调查。 结果 760例基层医疗卫生机构家庭医生团队成员的职业倦怠发生率为68.9%(524/760),社区卫生服务中心/乡镇卫生院、社区卫生服务站/村卫生室家庭医生团队成员的职业倦怠发生率分别为63.7%(128/201)、70.8%(396/559)。社区卫生服务站/村卫生室家庭医生团队成员的职业倦怠程度高于社区卫生服务中心/乡镇卫生院,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);社区卫生服务站/村卫生室家庭医生团队成员的MBI-GS总得分及个人成就感降低维度得分高于社区卫生服务中心/乡镇卫生院,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:对于社区卫生服务中心/乡镇卫生院的家庭医生团队成员,年龄41~50岁者的职业倦怠发生风险高于≤30岁者〔OR(95%CI)=7.119(1.770,28.638)〕,月收入>4 000元者的职业倦怠发生风险低于<2 000元者〔OR(95%CI)=0.194(0.040,0.941)〕,自评工作压力较大/非常大者的职业倦怠发生风险高于自评工作压力无/较小者〔OR(95%CI)=3.629(1.475,8.929)〕,自评激励机制一般、比较有效/非常有效者的职业倦怠发生风险低于自评激励机制极不有效/不太有效者〔OR(95%CI)分别为0.196(0.052,0.739)、0.235(0.066,0.834)〕;对于社区卫生服务站/村卫生室的家庭医生团队成员,女性的职业倦怠发生风险低于男性〔OR(95%CI)=0.603(0.396,0.920)〕,自评居民认可度一般、比较高/非常高者的职业倦怠发生风险低于自评居民认可度非常低/比较低者〔OR(95%CI)分别为0.258(0.113,0.590)、0.428(0.199,0.918)〕,自评工作压力比较大/非常大者的职业倦怠发生风险高于自评工作压力无/较小者〔OR(95%CI)=2.320(1.368,3.935)〕。 结论 社区卫生服务站/村卫生室家庭医生的职业倦怠情况相对较重,个人成就感相对较低。社区卫生服务中心/乡镇卫生院层面应加强对家庭医生团队成员的培训,提高其薪资待遇,进一步完善激励机制;社区卫生服务站/村卫生室层面应增加家庭医生团队成员的机构编制设置和晋升机会,加强对家庭医生签约服务的宣传。此外,两级基层医疗卫生机构均应简化家庭医生签约服务流程。 该文的微信推文请扫描下方二维码查看!

关键词: 基层医疗卫生机构, 家庭医生, 家庭医生签约服务, 倦怠, 职业性, 影响因素分析

Abstract: Background

Burnout has become a prominent issue as the increase of workload in family doctor team members in primary healthcare institutions during the promotion of contracted family doctor services. There is still a lack of research comparing the differences in burnout among family doctor team members in different types of primary healthcare institutions.

Objective

To compare burnout prevalence and associated factors between family doctors in community/township health centers, and those in community health stations/village clinics, providing a basis for improving the mental health status and team stability of family doctors, as well as the quality of services provided by them.

Methods

From August 1 to 21, 2020, a multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select 760 family doctor team members〔201 (26.4%) working at community/township health centers, and 559 (73.6%) working at community health stations/village clinics〕 as the participants from primary healthcare institutions in 6 counties/county-level cities /districts of Taian City, Shandong Province. They were invited to attend a survey to complete Demographic Questionnaire and the Chinese version of Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) .

Results

Overall, the prevalence of burnout among the participants was 68.9% (524/760) . Overall, the prevalence of burnout among the participants was 68.9% (524/760) , and the prevalence of burnoutof family doctor team members in community/township health centers and community health stations/village clinics was 63.7% (128/201) and 70.8% (396/559) , respectively. The levels of burnout of family doctor team members in community health stations/village clinics was higher than that of those in community/township health centers, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) . Family doctor team members in community health stations/village clinics had higher total score of MBI-GS and higher subscale score of reduction of professional efficacy than did those in community /township health centers, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) . Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that: for family doctor team members in community/township health centers, the risk of burnout of those aged 41-50 years is higher than that aged≤30 years〔OR (95%CI) =7.119 (1.770, 28.638) 〕, the risk of burnout of those with monthly income >4 000 yuan is lower than that with monthly income <2 000 yuan〔OR (95%CI) =0.194 (0.040, 0.941) 〕, the risk of burnout of those with high/very high self-rated work pressure is higher than that of those without/little self-rated work pressure〔OR (95%CI) =3.629 (1.475, 8.929) 〕, the risk of job burnout of those who evaluated the incentive mechanism as ordinary and relative effective/very effective was lower than that evaluated the incentive mechanism as very ineffective/less effective〔OR (95%CI) were 0.196 (0.052, 0.739) and 0.235 (0.066, 0.834) 〕. For the family doctor team members in community health stations/village clinics, the risk of burnout in women is lower than that in men〔OR (95%CI) =0.603 (0.396, 0.920) 〕, the risk of job burnout of those with general and relatively high/very high self-assessment residents' recognition is lower than that with very low/relatively low self-assessment residents' recognition〔OR (95%CI) were 0.258 (0.113, 0.590) and 0.428 (0.199, 0.918) 〕, the risk of burnout of those with high/very high self-rated job stress is higher than that without/little self-rated job stress〔OR (95%CI) =2.320 (1.368, 3.935) 〕.

Conclusion

Family doctor team members in community health stations/village clinics demonstrated higher burnout prevalence, and lower professional efficacy. To reduce the burnout prevalence and improve professional efficacy in family doctor team members, it is suggested to strengthen trainings, increase salary and further improve incentive mechanism for those in community/township health centers, and to increase the number of officially budgeted posts, and promotion opportunities as well as the propaganda of contracted family doctor services for those in community health stations/village clinics. Moreover, the workflow of contracting family doctor services should be simplified in all these institutions.

Key words: Primary health care institutions, Family doctors, Contracted family doctor services, Burnout, professional, Root cause analysis

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