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scale. Two researchers conducted literature screening,data extraction and quality evaluation. RevMan 5.3 was used for meta-
analysis. GRADE was used to evaluate the quality of the evidence for reported outcomes. Results A total of five RCTs with 331
subjects were included,among which three studied the efficacy of rTMS,and the other two studied the efficacy of tDCS. The
methodological quality of all RCTs was categorized as grade B. Meta-analysis showed that the experimental group had lower mean
FSS scores than the control group〔SMD=-2.13,95%CI(-3.63,-0.63),P=0.005〕,and had higher FMA scores than the
control group〔SMD=6.60,95%CI(4.33,8.87),P<0.000 01〕. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were robust.
Egger's test suggested that there was little potential publication bias in this meta-analysis (t=-0.88,P=0.445). The quality
of reported evidence regarding three primary outcomes,namely,FSS scores after a 4-week and 8-week non-invasive brain
stimulation,and FMA score after non-invasive brain stimulation,was rated as "low" by the GRADE system. Conclusion
Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques have been proven by included RCTs to be effective in relieving fatigue symptoms,and
promoting the recovery of motor functions in patients with post-stroke fatigue. However,due to small sample size and low quality
of the evidence about reported outcomes after treatment,the conclusion needs to be further verified by high-quality,large-
sample and multicenter RCTs.
【Key words】 Post-stroke fatigue;Stroke;Fatigue;Transcranial direct current stimulation;Repetitive transcranial
magnetic stimulation;Treatment outcome;Meta-analysis;Randomized controlled trials
卒中后疲劳(post stroke fatigue,PSF)是一种普遍 原始文献不是针对 PSF 患者;(2)病例报告、综述;(3)
存在的现象,主要表现为异常的、持续的生理和心理疲 无法获取全文及数据不完整。
劳。有研究显示,长期疲劳感会给患者带来诸多负面作 1.2 检索策略 系统检索 PubMed、Web of Science、
用,阻碍脑卒中的康复,并影响患者功能独立性和生 Embase、Cochrane Library、 中 国 生 物 医 学 文 献 数 据
活质量 [1] 。有数据显示,PSF 与运动皮质兴奋性降低 库(CBM)、中国知网、维普网和万方数据知识服
有关,对大脑半球影响最大,患病率高达 70% [2] 。目 务平台。检索时限从建库至 2022 年 4 月。检索式
前,针对 PSF 的治疗主要有药物、心理疗法及运动疗法 采用主题词与自由词相结合的方式。英文检索词:
等 [3] ,但这些干预措施对 PSF 疗效较小。相关研究表明, stroke/cerebrovascular stroke/cerebral stroke/acute stroke/
非侵入性脑刺激技术(non-invasive brain stimulation, cerebrovascular accident/brain vascular accident/acute
NIBS)可促进或抑制大脑皮质的兴奋性,加速诱导神 cerebrovascular accident、post stroke fatigue/fatigue/PSF、
经可塑性发展,现已初步应用于改善卒中后的疲劳症 non-invasive brain stimulation、transcranial direct
状。NIBS 主要包括经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation/tDCS、repetitive transcranial magnetic
current stimulation,tDCS)和重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive stimulation/rTMS、clinicalrandomized controlled trial/
transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)。tDCS 作 用 于 randomized controlled study/RCT;中文检索词:脑卒中 / 脑
不同的大脑皮质和皮质下结构 [4] ,通过调节大脑初级 梗死 / 脑出血 / 脑血管疾病、脑卒中后疲劳 / 疲劳、非
运动皮质(M1)上游区域的兴奋性和连接性,单次阳 侵入性脑刺激 / 经颅直流电刺激 / 重复经颅磁刺激、随
极 tDCS 会暂时增加运动皮质的兴奋性,从而缓解疲劳 机对照试验。以 PubMed 为例,具体检索策略见表 1。
症状。rTMS 是通过电流改变皮质神经细胞膜电位,引 同时检索纳入研究的参考文献,提高检索率。
起神经元兴奋,促进脑内能量代谢及神经电活动,从而 1.3 数据提取 由 2 名研究者对符合纳入与排除标准
缓解患者的疲劳症状,促进运动功能恢复 [5] 。因此, 的文献进行筛选,提取数据并交叉核对,若有分歧时,
本研究旨在通过对 NIBS 治疗 PSF 的疗效进行 Meta 分析,
表 1 PubMed 数据库检索策略
为临床治疗 PSF 提供参考。 Table 1 Strategy for searching RCTs in PubMed database
1 资料与方法 步骤 检索式
1.1 文献纳入与排除标准 纳入标准:(1)研究类型 stroke OR cerebrovascular stroke OR cerebral stroke OR
为 NIBS 治疗 PSF 的随机对照试验;(2)研究对象符 #1 acute stroke OR cerebrovascular accident OR brain vascular
accident OR acute cerebrovascular accident
合 1995 年第 4 次全国脑血管病学术会议制订的脑卒中 #2 post stroke fatigue OR fatigue OR PSF
诊断标准 [6] ,并经颅脑 CT 或磁共振成像(MRI)检查 non-invasive brain stimulation OR transcranial direct current
证实(病程≤ 6 个月),且伴有不同程度的疲劳;(3) #3 stimulation OR tDCS OR repetitive transcranial magnetic
stimulation OR rTMS
干预措施试验组为 rTMS 或 tDCS 治疗,对照组为常规
#4 clinical randomized controlled trial OR randomized controlled
康复训练;(4)结局指标为疲劳严重程度量表(FSS) study OR RCT
和简化运动功能量表(FMA)评分。排除标准:(1) #5 #1AND #2 AND #3 AND #4