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PubMed,EMBase,the Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,China
Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) were retrieved by computer for relevant articles related to the diagnosis of H.pylori
infection by UBT and/or SAT published from the establishment of the database to March 31,2021. The QUADAS-2 tool was
used to evaluate the quality of the extracted literature. The bivariate mixed-effects regression model and network meta-analysis
model (NMA) were used to synthesize diagnostic test data. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were performed to explore
the sources of heterogeneity. Results A total of 18 articles were included,with a total of 25 studies and 1 105 patients. Meta-
analysis results showed that the combined sensitivity of UBT and SAT for diagnosing H.pylori infection in PUB patients were
0.90〔95%CI(0.79,0.95)〕 and 0.89〔95%CI(0.81,0.94)〕,the combined specificity were 0.91〔95%CI(0.86,
0.95)〕 and 0.75〔95%CI(0.59,0.87)〕,the combined diagnostic odds ratio were 88.89〔95%CI(31.01,254.82)〕
and 24.35〔95%CI(13.76,43.09)〕,the combined positive likelihood ratio were 10.07〔95%CI(6.07,16.71)〕 and 3.60
〔95%CI(2.11,6.12)〕,the combined negative likelihood ratio were 0.11〔95%CI(0.05,0.24)〕 and 0.15〔95%CI
(0.09,0.24)〕,the area under the SROC curve were 0.93〔95%CI(0.90,0.95)〕 and 0.91〔95%CI(0.88,0.93)〕.
Meta regression showed that the sampling time had an impact on the sensitivity heterogeneity of UBT and SAT,and the sampling
time and the H.pylori infection criterion had an impact on the combined specificity heterogeneity of UBT. The Deek funnel chart
indicated that there was no potential publication bias among the included researches (P UBT =0.53,P SAT =0.64). Conclusion In
patients with PUB,UBT had a promising performance for the diagnosis of H.pylori infection. Because of the high number of false-
positive results,SAT was not recommended for use in patients with PUB alone. At the same time,in order to avoid the impact of
PPI on the detection results,it was recommended to perform the diagnostic tests as soon as possible under the condition of stable
hemodynamics.
【Key words】 Peptic ulcer hemorrhage;Urease breath test;Stool antigen test;Helicobacter pylori;Diagnostic test;
Meta-analysis
上消化道出血是临床常见的急危重症之一,2021 年美国 服务平台、中国生物医学文献服务系统(CBM)。英文关键
胃肠病学院(ACG)发布的上消化道出血指南称,消化性溃 词 为 Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage、Helicobacter pylori、Sensitivity
*
疡出血(peptic ulcer bleeding,PUB)是上消化道出血最主要 and specificity、diagnos ,中文关键词为:消化性溃疡出血、
的原因 [1] 。我国一项回顾性大宗病例分析显示,2012—2013 幽门螺杆菌、敏感性和特异性、诊断。以主题词与自由词检
年 PUB 以 52.7% 居上消化道出血病因首位 [2] 。根除幽门螺 索相组合,并结合相应数据库适当调整。检索时间为建库至
杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)是 H.pylori 阳性 PUB 患者 2021-03-31。对纳入文献的参考文献进行回溯,查找未包含
促进溃疡愈合、预防复发和溃疡出血的有效措施。H.pylori 阳 在检索结果中的文献。
性 PUB 患者成功根除 H.pylori 后,经 11~53 个月随访,再出 1.2 文献纳入及排除标准 纳入标准:(1)研究类型为有
血率仅为 1.3%,而未行 H.pylori 根除治疗者,12 个月内再次 关PUB患者运用UBT 和/或SAT 诊断 H.pylori 感染的诊断准
出血率高达 26% [3] 。因此针对 PUB 患者,及早进行 H.pylori 确性试验;(2)H.pylori 感染定义为:细菌培养阳性,或组
感染相关检测,H.pylori 阳性患者及早进行 H.pylori 根除治疗 织染色阳性,或近期未行 H.pylori 根除治疗者血清学阳性,或
具有十分重要的意义。 RUT、UBT、SAT、PCR 等多项 H.pylori 诊断检查中至少有两
诊断 H.pylori 感染有多种方式,通过黏膜活检可进行快速 项阳性;(3)可以获取完整的诊断试验四格表数据。排除标准:
尿素酶试验(RUT)、组织染色镜检、细菌培养和分子生物 (1)综述、个案、会议摘要及重复发表文献;(2)单独以
学检测,非侵入性方法有尿素呼气试验(urease breath test, UBT 或 SAT 作为 H.pylori 感染判断标准的文献。
UBT)、粪便抗原检测(stool antigen test,SAT)和血清学检 1.3 文献筛选和资料提取 应用EndNote软件进行文献管理,
测等。临床医生在对出血患者进行胃镜检查和治疗时出于安 由 2 名评审人员根据文献纳入与排除标准进行初筛,各自完
全考虑多不进行组织活检,且非甾体抗炎药(Non-steroidal 成后进行对比,对有分歧的文献咨询第 3 名研究者协助解决。
anti-inflammatory drugs,NSAIDs)的使用限制了组织活检的应 提取的资料包括第一作者、国家、样本量、NSAIDs 使用情况、
用,因而本研究仅评估 PUB 患者 H.pylori 感染的非侵入性试 H.pylori 感染判定标准、是否纳入应用质子泵抑制剂(proton
验的准确性。尽管 UBT、SAT 在消化性溃疡不伴有并发症患 pump inhibitors,PPI)或抗生素患者、平均取样时间、H.pylori
者中的诊断价值已得到充分评估,但针对出血患者而言,二 感染率、真阳性数、假阳性数、真阴性数、假阴性数等。
者之间的诊断准确性评估并不多,本研究旨在对 UBT、SAT 1.4 文献质量评价 应用诊断试验评价工具 QUADAS-2 进行
的诊断准确性进行系统回顾和荟萃分析。 评价 [4] 。使用 Review Manager 5.4.1 软件对纳入研究的偏倚风
1 资料与方法 险进行可视化处理。
1.1 文 献 检 索 检 索 数 据 库 包 括:PubMed、EMBase、the 1.5 统计学方法 采用 SPSS 26.0 软件计算灵敏度对数与
Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据知识 (1- 特异度)对数的 Spearman 相关系数,探索阈值效应。运