Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) generally have problems such as decreased cardiopulmonary endurance, cardiac autonomic dysfunction, and reduced quality of life. Cardiac rehabilitation is an effective means to improve the above outcomes, but traditional rehabilitation training has limitations such as insufficient exercise intensity and poor patient compliance. In recent years, low-volume high-intensity interval training (LV-HIIT) has attracted attention due to its time-saving and efficient advantages. At the same time, virtual reality (VR) technology enhances the immersion and fun of rehabilitation training. At present, there is still a lack of sufficient clinical basis for the clinical efficacy of LV-HIIT combined with VR in CHD patients. Whether it can synergistically improve cardiopulmonary function, cardiac autonomic nerve regulation, and metabolic inflammation indicators remains to be clarified.

Effects of LV-HIIT combined with VR on cardiac rehabilitation in patients with CHD.

Sixty patients with coronary heart disease admitted to Changzhou Dean Hospital from January 2025 to August 2025 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into the resting group, the LV-HIIT, and the LV-HIIT combined with VR group (LV-HIIT+VR) using a random number table, with 20 cases in each group. All patients in each group received conventional drug treatment. The resting group underwent conventional rehabilitation training, the LV-HIIT group was given LV-HIIT training, and the LV-HIIT+VR group received VR in combination with LV-HIIT training. Each group intervened for a total of 12 weeks. Cardiopulmonary endurance [peak oxygen uptake (VO₂ peak), maximum metabolic equivalent (METmax), oxygen pulse (VO₂/HR)], heart rate variability [total standard deviation of RR intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences between adjacent RR intervals (rMSSD), percentage of adjacent sinus RR intervals with differences exceeding 50 ms (pNN50)], echocardiogram [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD)], ability to take care of daily life [evaluated using the modified Barthel index (mBI)], and laboratory indicators [triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6)] were compared before and after the intervention in each group.

Five cases were lost to follow-up during the study. Finally, 19 cases were included in the resting group, 18 cases in the LV-HIIT group, and 18 cases in the LV-HIIT+VR group. After the intervention, VO₂ peak, METsmax, and VO₂/HR in the three groups increased compared with those before the intervention in each group, and the VE/VCO₂ slope decreased compared with that before the intervention in each group. Moreover, the LV-HIIT+VR group was better than the other two groups (P<0.05). After the intervention, SDNN, rMSSD, and pNN50 in the three groups were increased compared with those before the intervention in each group, and the LV-HIIT+VR group was better than the other two groups (P<0.05). After the intervention, LVEF and mBI of patients in the three groups were improved compared with those before the intervention in each group, and LVEDD was decreased compared with that before the intervention in each group. Moreover, the LV-HIIT+VR group was better than the other two groups (P<0.05). After the intervention, TG, TC, and LDL-C in the three groups were lower than those before the intervention in each group, and HDL-C was higher than that before the intervention in each group. Moreover, TG, TC, and LDL-C in the LV-HIIT+VR group were lower than those in the other two groups, and HDL-C was higher than that in the other two groups (P<0.05). After the intervention, the levels of CK, CK-MB, hs-CRP, and IL-6 in the three groups were lower than those before the intervention in each group, and the levels in the LV-HIIT+VR group were lower than those in the other two groups (P<0.05).

LV-HIIT combined with VR training can improve cardiopulmonary endurance in patients with coronary heart disease, regulate cardiac autonomic nervous function, improve quality of life, alleviate myocardial injury, and its mechanism may be related to regulating lipid metabolism and reducing the levels of inflammatory factors.

冠心病（CHD）患者普遍存在心肺耐力下降、心脏自主神经功能紊乱及生活质量降低等问题。心脏康复是改善上述结局的有效手段，但传统康复训练存在运动强度不足、患者依从性差等局限性。近年来，低容量高强度间歇训练（LV-HIIT）因其省时、高效的优点受到关注，同时虚拟现实（VR）技术可以提升康复训练的沉浸感与趣味性。目前LV-HIIT联合VR在CHD患者中的临床疗效尚缺乏充分的临床依据，其能否协同改善心肺功能、心脏自主神经调节及代谢炎症指标仍有待明确。

观察LV-HIIT联合VR技术对CHD患者心脏康复效果的影响。

选取2025年1—8月常州市德安医院收治的冠心病患者60例为研究对象，采用随机数字表法将其分为静息组、低容量高强度间歇训练组（LV-HIIT）、LV-HIIT联合VR组（LV-HIIT+VR），每组各20例。各组患者均进行常规药物治疗。静息组进行常规康复训练，LV-HIIT组给予LV-HIIT训练，LV-HIIT+VR组在LV-HIIT组训练基础上联用VR。各组共干预12周。比较各组干预前后心肺耐力[峰值摄氧量（VO₂ peak）、最大代谢当量（METmax）、氧脉搏（VO₂/HR）]、CO₂通气当量斜率（VE/VCO₂ slope）、心率变异性[RR间期总体标准差（SDNN）、相邻RR间期差值的均方根（rMSSD）、相邻窦性RR间期差值超过50 ms心搏百分比（pNN50）]、超声心动图[左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）]、日常生活自理能力[采用改良Barthel指数（mBI）评估]、实验室指标[甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、白介素6（IL-6）]。

研究期间5例失访，最终静息组纳入19例，LV-HIIT组纳入18例，LV-HIIT+VR组纳入18例。干预后，3组VO₂ peak、METsmax、VO₂/HR分别较本组干预前升高，VE/VCO₂ slope较本组干预前降低，且LV-HIIT+VR组优于另两组（P<0.05）。干预后，3组SDNN、rMSSD、pNN50较本组干预前升高，且LV-HIIT+VR组优于另两组（P<0.05）。干预后，3组患者LVEF、mBI较本组干预前提高，LVEDD较本组干预前降低，且LV-HIIT+VR组优于另两组（P<0.05）。干预后，3组TG、TC、LDL-C低于本组干预前，HDL-C高于本组干预前，且LV-HIIT+VR组TG、TC、LDL-C低于另两组，HDL-C高于另两组（P<0.05）。干预后，3组CK、CK-MB、hs-CRP、IL-6低于本组干预前，且LV-HIIT+VR组低于另两组（P<0.05）。

LV-HIIT联合VR训练能改善冠心病患者心肺耐力，调节心脏自主神经功能，提高生活质量，缓解心肌损伤，其机制可能与调节脂质代谢，降低炎症因子水平有关。