Chinese General Practice ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (25): 3631-3639.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0391

• Original Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Association between Dietary Quality and Risk of Hypertension: a Study Based on the 2022 Version of the Chinese Dietary Balance Index

  

  1. 1. School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
    2. Chronic Disease Prevention and Cure Research Institute, Guizhou Province Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guiyang 550004, China
    3. School of Nursing, Tongren Polytechnic University, Tongren 554300, China
    4. Medical School, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
    5. Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
  • Received:2025-12-11 Revised:2026-04-22 Published:2026-09-05 Online:2026-08-11
  • Contact: LIU Tao, TAN Shisheng

膳食质量与高血压发病风险的关系研究:基于2022年版中国膳食平衡指数

  

  1. 1.561113 贵州省贵阳市,贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院 环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室
    2.550004 贵州省贵阳市,贵州省疾病预防控制中心慢性病防治研究所
    3.554300 贵州省铜仁市,铜仁职业技术大学护理学院
    4.550025 贵州省贵阳市,贵州大学医学院
    5.550002 贵州省贵阳市,贵州省人民医院肿瘤科
  • 通讯作者: 刘涛, 谭诗生
  • 作者简介:

    作者贡献:

    李小雪提出主要研究目标,负责研究构思与设计、研究实施,撰写论文;尹丽华、苏旭、张福艳进行数据收集、整理、统计学处理、图表绘制与展示;詹清清、安芹彧进行论文修订;刘涛、谭诗生负责文章的质量控制与审查,对文章整体负责,监督管理。

  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2018]2819)

Abstract:

Backgroud

The adverse impact of hypertension on population health is increasingly severe, with diet playing a critical role in its development. The association between the Chinese dietary balance index 2022 (DBI_22) and hypertension remains unclear.

Objective

To explore the association between dietary quality and the risk of hypertension incidence.

Methods

This study is based on the Guizhou Population Health Cohort. Between 2010 and 2012, a total of 9 280 adult permanent residents from 12 counties (cities or districts) were recruited for a baseline survey. Follow-up surveys were conducted among the enrolled participants between 2016 and 2020. The same methodology was employed in both the baseline and follow-up surveys, including face-to-face questionnaire interviews, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical indicator tests. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). After excluding participants with incomplete dietary information or unclear outcome data, a total of 5 229 non-hypertensive participants were included in the final analysis. Dietary quality was evaluated using the DBI_22, which comprises three indicators: the High Bound Score (HBS), the Low Bound Score (LBS), and the Diet Quality Distance (DQD). The outcome of interest was incident hypertension. Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to analyze the association between the DBI_22 and hypertension.

Results

During a median follow-up of 6.6 (6.2, 8.4) years, a total of 1 140 incident hypertension cases occurred among the 5 229 participants, yielding an incidence density of 31.3 per 1 000 person-years. Compared to participants in the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile of HBS and DQD had an increased risk of hypertension. After adjusting for multiple factors such as sex, age, ethnicity, and education level, the HR (95%CI) were 1.20 (1.02-1.42) and 1.27 (1.08-1.51), respectively. No significant association was observed between LBS and hypertension (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The findings indicate that poor dietary quality, including overall excessive dietary intake and dietary imbalance, is positively associated with the risk of hypertension. No significant association was found between overall inadequate dietary intake and hypertension risk.

Key words: Dietary quality, Hypertension, Chinese diet balance index 2022, Prospective cohort study

摘要:

背景

高血压对人群健康的负面影响日益加剧,饮食在高血压形成中起关键作用。目前尚不清楚2022年版中国膳食平衡指数(DBI_22)与高血压之间的关联。

目的

探讨膳食质量与高血压发病风险的关系。

方法

本研究依托于贵州人群健康队列研究。该队列于2010—2012年招募来自贵州省12个县(市、区)的成年常住居民共9 280名进行基线调查,并于2016—2020年对纳入的研究对象进行随访调查,两次调查的方法相同,包括面对面问卷调查、人体测量和生化指标检测,使用半定量食物频率问卷(FFQ)对参与者的膳食摄入进行调查。本研究纳入5 229名饮食信息完整、结局信息清楚的非高血压参与者进行分析。暴露指标为膳食质量,采用DBI_22评估,包括正端分(HBS)、负端分(LBS)和膳食质量距(DQD)3项指标;结局指标为新发高血压。采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析DBI_22与高血压之间的关联。

结果

中位随访时间为6.6(6.2,8.4)年,5 229名调查对象中共发生高血压1 140例,发病密度为31.3/1 000人年。多变量Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,与最低四分位数组(Q1组)的参与者相比,HBS和DQD最高四分位数组(Q4组)患高血压的风险升高,在调整性别、年龄、民族和受教育程度等多种因素后,HR(95%CI)分别为1.20(1.02~1.42)和1.27(1.08~1.51)。LBS与高血压无明显相关性(P>0.05)。

结论

低膳食质量(总体膳食摄入过量、膳食失衡)与高血压的发病风险呈正相关,未观察到总体膳食摄入不足与高血压风险呈现显著相关性。

关键词: 膳食质量, 高血压, 2022版中国膳食平衡指数(DBI_22), 前瞻性队列研究