Chinese General Practice ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (07): 858-863.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0240

• Chinese General Practice/Community Health Service • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Research on the Impact of Establishing Health Records Based on Propensity Score Matching Method on the Medical Behavior of Elderly People

  

  1. 1. School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
    2. Office of Policy Health Research, Pudong Institute for Health Development, Shanghai 200120, China
    3. Traditional Chinese Medicine Development Division, Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission, Shanghai 200120, China
  • Received:2025-06-15 Revised:2025-11-29 Published:2026-03-05 Online:2026-02-13
  • Contact: LIU Shanshan, ZHANG Yimin

基于倾向性评分匹配法的健康档案建立对老年人就医行为影响研究

  

  1. 1.261000 山东省潍坊市,山东第二医科大学管理学院
    2.200120 上海市浦东卫生发展研究院政策研究办公室
    3.200120 上海市浦东新区卫生健康委员会中医药发展处
  • 通讯作者: 刘姗姗, 张宜民
  • 作者简介:

    作者贡献:

    唐馨怡负责文章构思及论文写作;胡新雨负责文章的设计与文献收集;刘姗姗、张宜民负责文章的质量控制与审查,对文章整体负责,监督管理。

  • 基金资助:
    浦东新区卫生健康委员会卫生科研项目(PW2023A-14); 浦东新区卫生系统领先人才培养计划(PWRl2020-05); 浦东新区卫生系统优秀青年医学人才培养计划(PWRq2020-15)

Abstract:

Background

The problem of population aging in China is becoming increasingly prominent, and the health of the elderly has become an important issue.

Objective

To analyse the current situation of establishing health records for the elderly and explore the impact of establishing health records on their medical behavior.

Methods

Using he latest released 2020 Chinese Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS). This database contains a total of 11 398 samples. After removing missing value samples of core variables, a valid sample of 11 381 was obtained. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to match the elderly with or without established health records, univariate and unordered multiclass regression analyses were conducted. The dependent variable is the medical behavior of the elderly (choosing not to seek medical treatment, using regular medicine and buying medicine from pharmacies were classified as self treatment which assigned a value of 0, choosing specialized/comprehensive hospitals was assigned a value of 1 and choosing village clinics/community hospitals was classified as primary healthcare institutions which assigned a value of 2). The independent variable was whether health records have been established in the community healthcare institution. The control variables included residential area, gender, age, marital status, self-rated health, chronic disease status, hospitalization frequency within two years, utilization of elderly care services and education level.

Results

After PSM, a total of 1 244 pairs were successfully matched, a total of 2 488 participants. The results of the univariate analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) between the general situation of the study subjects who established health records and those who did not with 1 224. The regression results showed that compared with self treatment, establishing health records was a promoting factor for the elderly to seek medical treatment in specialized/comprehensive hospitals (OR=2.596, 95%CI=2.024-3.330, P<0.05) and primary healthcare institutions (OR=1.774, 95%CI=1.484-2.122, P<0.05).

Conclusion

The elderly who establish health records exhibit positive medical seeking behavior. Therefore, we need to increase efforts to carry out the construction of health records for the elderly, regularly carry out health education lectures.Taking advantage of the positive role of family doctor contract services and based on the health service demands and health levels of the contracted elderly, which regularly release health record related knowledge, continuously enhance the elderly's awareness of self health management and guide them to form good medical habits.

Key words: Office visits, Aged, Medical behavior, Health records, Propensity score, Propensity score matching

摘要:

背景

我国人口老龄化问题日益突出,老年人健康成为重要议题,加大老年人健康档案建设工作,可以引导老年人合理就医,维护自身健康水平。

目的

了解老年人健康档案建立现状,探索健康档案建立对老年人就医行为的影响。

方法

使用2020年中国老年社会追踪调查数据(CLASS),该数据库共包含11 398个样本,剔除核心变量存在缺失值的样本后,得到有效样本11 381个。采用倾向性评分匹配法(PSM),对建立健康档案与未建立健康档案的老年人进行1∶1最邻近匹配,因变量为老年人就医行为(将选择未就诊、使用常备药与药店买药归类为自行处理赋值为0,将选择专科/综合医院就医赋值为1,将选择村卫生室/社区卫生服务机构就医归类为基层医疗卫生机构就医赋值为2),自变量为是否在社区卫生服务机构建立健康档案,将居住地区、性别、年龄、婚姻状况、自评健康状况、慢性病情况、两年内住院次数、养老服务利用、受教育程度纳为控制变量。

结果

经PSM匹配后,共匹配成功1 244对,共2 488名老年人。单因素分析结果显示,1 224对建立健康档案与未建立健康档案的研究对象一般情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,与自行处理相比,建立健康档案是老年人到专科/综合医院就医(OR=2.596,95%CI=2.024~3.330)和基层医疗卫生机构就医(OR=1.774,95%CI=1.484~2.122)的促进因素(P<0.05)。

结论

建立健康档案的老年人具有积极就医行为。要加大力度开展老年人健康档案建设工作,定期开展健康教育宣讲,利用家庭医生签约服务的积极作用,根据签约老年人的卫生服务需求与健康水平,定期发布健康档案相关知识,不断增强老年人自我健康管理意识,引导老年人形成良好的就医习惯。

关键词: 诊室就医, 老年人, 就医行为, 健康档案, 倾向性评分, 倾向性评分匹配法

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