Chinese General Practice ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (02): 219-225.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0666

• Article·Multimorbidity Section • Previous Articles    

Study on the Association between Multiple Chronic Conditions and Impaired Activities of Daily Living in the Elderly

  

  1. 1. Department of General Practice, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
    2. Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
  • Received:2024-11-05 Revised:2025-02-23 Published:2026-01-15 Online:2025-12-11
  • Contact: YAN Ping, LIANG Zijing

老年人慢性病共病与日常生活活动能力受损的关联研究

  

  1. 1.510120 广东省广州市,广州医科大学附属第一医院全科医学科
    2.510120 广东省广州市,广州医科大学附属第一医院急诊科
  • 通讯作者: 晏平, 梁子敬
  • 作者简介:

    作者贡献:

    程卓卓负责论文起草、数据收集和整理;张睿、胡娇负责统计分析;潘萱达、徐浩枫负责图表制作;黄君庭、梁子敬负责研究思路、设计研究方案;晏平负责最终版本修订,对论文负责。

  • 基金资助:
    2022年度广东省医学科研基金指令性课题项目(C2022101); 广州市科技局市校(院)联合资助(登峰医院)项目(202201020454)

Abstract:

Background

With the acceleration of population aging, there has been a continuous increase in the number of elderly individuals suffering from multiple chronic conditions and impaired activities of daily living (ADL), imposing a substantial healthcare burden on society. While multiple chronic conditions are highly associated with impairment in ADL, the specific mechanisms and combinatorial effects have not been fully elucidated.

Objective

This study aims to analyze the current status of multiple chronic conditions among the elderly in China and explore the association between different comorbidity combinations and ADL, thereby providing scientific evidence for chronic diseases management and functional maintenance in older adults.

Methods

Utilizing data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this study focused on individuals aged 60 years and older to compare the prevalence of impaired ADL across demographic subgroups. The Apriori algorithm was employed to perform association rules analysis to identify primary comorbidity combinations. Binary Logistic regression models were used to assess the impact of these comorbidity combinations on ADL impairment.

Results

The study included 10 999 elderly participants, and the prevalence of multiple chronic conditions was 64.91% (7 140/10 999). 3 819 individuals (34.72%) exhibited ADL impairment, 1 149 (10.45%) demonstrated basic activities of daily living (BADL) impairment, and 3 662 (33.29%) showed instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) impairment. Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in ADL, BADL and IADL impairment rates were observed across gender, age, education level, marital status, type of residence, and the presence of multiple chronic conditions (P<0.05). The Apriori algorithm identified 8 association rules, with the highest support rule being "dyslipidemia and hypertension" (support=8.237%), the highest confidence rule being "dyslipidemia, diabetes or high blood sugar and hypertension" (confidence=78.707%), and the highest lift rule being "asthma and chronic pulmonary diseases" (lift=4.188). Hypertension exhibited the highest frequency across all comorbidity combinations. Adjusted binary Logistic regression revealed that, multiple comorbidity combinations "stroke and hypertension" "asthma and chronic pulmonary diseases", and "kidney disease, stomach or other digestive diseases, and arthritis or rheumatism" significantly impacted ADL, BADL, and IADL impairment (P<0.05). Notably, the "stroke and hypertension" combination posed the highest risk for BADL impairment, the risk of being one level more severely impaired in BADL for individuals with this comorbidity combination was 4.480 times higher than that of the population without this comorbidity combination (OR=4.480, 95%CI=3.754-5.347).

Conclusion

Hypertension serves as a central hub in elderly comorbidities networks, demonstrating strong associations with multiple chronic conditions. Multiple comorbidity combinations significantly increase the risk of ADL impairment, with the "stroke and hypertension" combination being the most pronounced. Healthcare systems should prioritize elderly populations with comorbidities, develop effective long term care policies tailored to different comorbidities, reduce the risk of disability, delay functional decline, and enhance quality of life in elderly population.

Key words: Multiple chronic conditions, Aged, Activities of daily living, Association rules, CHARLS

摘要:

背景

随着人口老龄化的加速,患有慢性病共病且日常生活活动能力(ADL)受损的老年人数量不断增加,给社会带来沉重的医疗负担。慢性病共病与ADL受损高度相关,但其具体作用机制及组合效应尚未充分阐明。

目的

本研究旨在分析我国老年人慢性病共病现状,探讨不同共病组合与ADL之间的关联,为慢性病管理和老年人功能维护提供科学依据。

方法

本研究利用2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据,以60岁及以上老年人为研究对象,比较不同特征老年人ADL受损情况。通过Apriori算法进行关联规则分析识别出主要共病组合,使用二分类Logistic回归模型评估这些共病组合对ADL受损的影响。

结果

本研究共纳入10 999名老年人,慢性病共病的患病率为64.91%(7 140/10 999)。存在ADL受损3 819名(34.72%),存在基础性日常生活活动能力(BADL)受损1 149名(10.45%),存在工具性日常生活活动能力(IADL)受损3 662名(33.29%)。不同性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地类型以及是否存在慢性病共病老年人ADL、BADL和IADL受损发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。通过Apriori算法共识别出8条关联规则,支持度最高的规则为"血脂异常与高血压"(支持度=8.237%),置信度最高的规则为"血脂异常,糖尿病或血糖升高与高血压"(置信度=78.707%),提升度最高的规则为"哮喘与慢性肺部疾患"(提升度=4.188)。高血压在这些共病组合中出现的频率最高。在控制混杂因素后二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,"卒中与高血压"共病组合、"哮喘与慢性肺部疾患"共病组合以及"肾脏疾病,胃部或消化系统疾病与关节炎或风湿病"共病组合是发生ADL、BADL、IADL受损的影响因素(P<0.05)。其中"卒中与高血压"组合对BADL受损风险的影响最为显著,其BADL受损严重1个等级的风险是未患有该共病组合人群的4.480倍(95%CI=3.754~5.347)。

结论

高血压在老年人群中具有重要的共病中心地位,与多种慢性病高度关联。多种共病组合显著增加了ADL受损的风险,尤以"卒中与高血压"组合最为显著。医疗卫生保健系统应重点关注患有共病的老年群体,针对不同共病制定有效的长期护理政策,降低失能风险并延缓功能退化,提升老年人生活质量。

关键词: 慢性病共病, 老年人, 日常生活活动能力, 关联规则, 中国健康与养老追踪调查

CLC Number: