Weight management should be extended to the entire population and not limited to special populations. Exploring the willingness, status, measures and influencing factors of adults' weight management, may contribute to the development of a reasonable, scientific, and easily operable method for reaching or maintaining a healthy weight.

To understand the prevalence and associated factors regarding achieving or maintaining a healthy weight in residents aged 18-79 in Beijing.

A survey was conducted from August to December 2017 with a stratified multistage sample of 13 188 permanent residents aged 18-79 from Beijing's 16 districts using a self-compiled questionnaire for understanding their self-assessed weight, weight changes within the past 12 months, and use of methods for weight control. The prevalence of weight management was compared by different characteristics. Methods for weight management used by weight controllers were comparatively analyzed by sex and age. We explored the differences in daily dietary habits and physical activity between weight controllers and non-weight controllers. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with the implementation of weight management.

The overall prevalence of weight management in the residents over the last 12 months was 29.90% (3 947/13 188) . The prevalence of weight management differed statistically by sex, marital status, level of education, diabetes prevalence, current smoking status, physical activity status, voluntary health check-ups, assessment of weight, change in weight over the past 12 months, and BMI (P<0.05) . Diet control〔87.31% (3 446/3 947) 〕 and physical exercise〔78.34% (3 092/3 947) 〕were the most widely used weight management methods. The proportion of men who used physical exercise and smoking for weight control was significantly higher than that of women (P<0.001) , whereas the proportion of women who used diet control and weight loss medications for weight control was significantly higher than that of men (P<0.05) . The proportion of residents who used physical exercise and smoking for weight control was differed statistically by age groups (P<0.05) . 2 668 cases (67.60%) used both diet control and physical exercise to control weight, among whom 60-70 year olds accounted for a higher percentage than did 18-44 year olds and 45-59 year olds (P<0.001) . 625 cases (15.83%) relied only on diet control to control weight, among whom 18-44 year olds accounted for a higher percentage than did 45-59 year olds and 60-79 year olds (P<0.001) . The prevalence of weight management by physical activity or smoking differed significantly across age groups. Compared with non-weight controllers, weight controllers had lower prevalence of inadequate intake of fresh fruit and vegetables and excessive intake of red meat (P<0.05) . Moreover, they had higher prevalence of doing ≥ 150 min of moderate to vigorous intensity activities per week (P<0.001) . Furthermore, they had higher prevalence of spending ≥4 hours per day in leisure-time sedentary behaviors (P<0.001) . Multivariate regression analysis showed that age<60 years, women, married/unmarried cohabitation, higher level of education (junior high school and above) , current non-smoking, alcohol consumption within the past 7 days, physical inactivity, voluntary physical examinations, correctly assessing one's own weight, weight gain/loss ≥ 2.5 kg in the past 12 months, and having a BMI within the range of normal to obesity were associated with higher possibility of implementing weight management (P<0.05) .

In these Beijing residents aged 18-79 years, diet control and increased exercise were popular for weight control, but the use of unhealthy weight management methods was also found. When guiding residents to use proper methods to control weight, individualized management programs should be developed with sex, age, education level and other factors taken into consideration.

体质量管理不应仅局限于特殊人群，应在所有成年人中倡导维持健康体质量。通过了解成年人体质量管理的意愿、现状、措施及影响因素，可为进一步面向大众推广合理、科学且易于执行的健康体质量管理模式提供依据。

了解北京市18~79岁居民健康体质量管理现状及影响其实施体质量管理的因素。

于2017年8—12月，采用多阶段分层抽样法在北京市16区抽取13 188例18~79岁常住居民为研究对象，采用自设问卷对其进行调查，收集居民体质量自我评价、12个月内体质量变化情况及所采取的体质量控制措施等方面的资料。比较不同特征人群实施体质量管理者的占比情况。对于实施体质量管理者，分析其采用的体质量管理方法，并比较不同性别、年龄人群所采取的体质量管理方法的差异。探讨实施体质量管理者与未实施体质量管理者在日常饮食习惯、身体活动情况上的差异，采用多因素逐步Logistic回归分析影响居民实施体质量管理的因素。

13 188例调查对象中，3 947例（29.93%）12个月内实施了体质量管理。不同体质量管理实施情况居民性别、婚姻状况、文化程度、糖尿病患病情况、现在吸烟情况、身体活动情况、主动接受健康体检情况、体质量自我评价正确情况、12个月内体质量变化情况和BMI分组情况比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。3 947例12个月内实施体质量管理者中：饮食控制〔87.31%（3 446/3 947）〕与体育锻炼〔78.34%（3 092/3 947）〕是广泛应用的体质量管理方法；男性将体育锻炼、吸烟作为体质量控制措施者占比高于女性（P<0.001），女性将饮食控制和服用减重药物作为体质量控制举措者占比高于男性（P<0.05）；不同年龄组别人群通过体育锻炼、吸烟的方式管理体质量者占比比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；2 668例（67.60%）居民采用饮食控制与体育锻炼相结合的方式管理体质量，60~79岁组中采取此种组合方式管理体质量者占比高于18~44、45~59岁组（P<0.001）；625例（15.83%）仅依靠饮食控制来管理体质量，18~44岁组中仅依靠饮食控制来管理体质量者占比高于45~59、60~79岁组（P<0.001）。实施体质量管理的居民摄入新鲜蔬菜水果不足者及红肉摄入过多者占比明显低于未实施体质量管理的居民（P<0.05）；控制体质量的居民每周进行≥150 min中等强度及以上身体活动者占比高于未控制体质量的居民（P<0.001）；控制体质量的居民业余静态行为时间≥4 h/d者占比高于未控制体质量的居民（P<0.001）。多因素Logistic回归结果显示，年龄<60岁、女性、在婚/同居、具有较高文化程度（初中及以上）、现在未吸烟、7 d内饮酒、身体活动不足、主动接受体检、能够正确评估自我体质量、12个月内体质量增/减≥2.5kg、BMI级别为非体质量过低者更可能实施体质量管理（P<0.001）。

在体质量管理方法上，北京市18~79岁居民倾向于采取控制饮食、增加运动量的方式，但仍存在运用不利于健康的方法管理体质量等问题。在引导居民养成正确的体质量管理行为时，应考虑到性别、年龄、文化程度等多种因素对其行为形成的影响，有针对性地制定个性化的体质量管理方案。