Abstract: Background Subjective Cognitive Decline（SCD） is an asymptomatic early stage of Alzheimer's Disease（AD）. There are few studies on the comparative study of SCD status and influencing factors in the elderly between urban and rural areas in China. Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of subjective cognitive decline in the urban and rural elderly in Xinjiang，and to provide a reference for the development of relevant evaluation and intervention measures. Methods From July to September 2023，a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select elderly people from 9 communities in 13 rural areas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region as the research object. The general demographic characteristics，physiological health status，mental health status and social support status of the elderly were collected by questionnaire. The physical function status of the elderly was collected by physical measurement. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of SCD in the elderly in Xinjiang. Results A total of 1 377 valid questionnaires were collected，and the effective recovery rate was 95.22%. The incidence of SCD among the elderly in urban and rural areas of Xinjiang region was 44.88%（618/1 377），among which the incidence of SCD in rural areas was 47.02%（292/621），and that in urban areas was 43.12%（326/756），there was no statistically significant difference between the two（P>0.05）. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that：financial resources，vision，hearing，aCCI，depression and anxiety were the influencing factors of SCD in the rural elderly in Xinjiang（P<0.05）；gender，vision，hearing and anxiety were the influencing factors of SCD in the urban elderly in Xinjiang（P<0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of SCD is high in the urban and rural elderly in Xinjiang, and the risk factors for SCD are different between urban and rural elderly. Medical staff should strengthen the screening，diagnosis and health education of SCD risk in the elderly，and consider the urban-rural differences in the intervention of the elderly，improve the cognitive function of the elderly and delay the occurrence and development of SCD.

Key words: Subjective cognitive decline, Aged, Prevalence, Root cause analysis, Urban-rural comparison, Xinjiang

摘要： 背景 主观认知下降（SCD）是无症状性的阿尔茨海默病（AD）前期，我国尚缺乏城乡老年人SCD现状及影响因素的对比研究。目的 调查新疆地区城乡老年人主观认知下降现状及影响因素，为后期制定相关评估与干预措施提供参考依据。方法 于2023年7—9月，采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法选取新疆维吾尔自治区13个农村、9个社区的老年人作为研究对象。采用问卷调查收集老年人的一般人口学特征、生理健康状况、心理健康状况及社会支持状况等，并通过身体测量收集老年人的身体功能状况，采用多因素Logistic回归分析新疆城乡老年人发生SCD的影响因素。结果 共回收有效问卷1 377份，问卷有效回收率为95.22%。新疆地区城乡老年人SCD发生率为44.88%（618/1 377），其中农村SCD发生率为47.02%（292/621），城市SCD发生率为43.12%（326/756），城乡老年人SCD发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，经济来源、视力、听力、共病程度、抑郁状况、焦虑状况是农村老年人发生SCD的影响因素（P<0.05），性别、视力、听力、焦虑状况是城市老年人发生SCD的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 新疆地区城乡老年人SCD发生率较高，且城乡老年人的SCD影响因素不同。提示医务人员应加强老年人SCD风险的筛查诊断和健康宣教，在对老年人进行干预时应考虑城乡差异，提高老年人认知功能，延缓SCD的发生发展。

关键词: 主观认知下降, 老年人, 患病率, 影响因素分析, 城乡对比, 新疆