Against the backdrop of the escalating prevalence of overweight and obesity, China has promulgated numerous weight management policies. However, the selection preferences, compositional structure, and stakeholder coupling characteristics of the policy instruments employed remain to be systematically analyzed.

To systematically analyze the selection preferences and compositional characteristics of policy instruments for weight management in China, identify structural imbalances within the current policy system, and provide evidence-based references for optimizing the nation's comprehensive obesity prevention and control strategies.

In November 2025, eleven core national-level policy documents on weight management issued from January 1, 2016 to October 31, 2025 were selected as the study objects. A "policy instrument-stakeholder" two-dimensional analytical framework was constructed, and content analysis was employed to conduct systematic coding, frequency statistical analysis, and cross-analysis of the policy texts.

A total of 454 policy instrument codes and 538 stakeholder codes were extracted from 11 core policy documents. Command-and-control instruments had the highest proportion [182 (40.09%)], followed by information-based [101 (22.25%)] and capacity-building instruments [91 (20.04%)], while incentive-based [43 (9.47%)] and system-change instruments [37 (8.15%)] accounted for relatively low proportions. In the stakeholder dimension, government departments [204 (37.92%)] and healthcare institutions [139 (25.84%)] were the primary targets, while health-related industries [34 (6.32%)] and social organizations [39 (7.25%)] received relatively low policy attention.

China's weight management policy system exhibits significant structural imbalances in instrument configuration, presenting a "center-periphery" governance structure centered on administrative leadership and medical intervention. The intervention logic prioritizes micro-level individual behavior regulation and health education, with insufficient attention given to structural interventions regarding the obesogenic environment and multi-stakeholder coordination mechanisms. There is an urgent need to address deficiencies in fiscal incentives and legal regulations, strengthen inter-sectoral coordination and social mobilization mechanisms, and promote the transformation of the policy system toward legalization, incentivization, and collaborative governance.

在超重肥胖问题日益严峻的背景下，我国已出台多项体重管理政策，但政策工具的选择偏好、组合结构及其与利益相关者的耦合特征尚缺少系统性解析。

系统解析我国体重管理政策的工具选择偏好与组合特征，识别当前政策体系的结构性失衡，为完善我国肥胖综合防控策略提供循证参考。

于2025年11月，以2016-01-01至2025-10-31国家层面发布的11份核心体重管理政策文件为研究对象，构建"政策工具-利益相关者"二维分析框架，运用内容分析法对政策文本进行编码、频数统计与交叉分析。

对11份核心政策文本共提取政策工具编码454条、利益相关者编码538条。在政策工具维度，命令规制型工具占比最高[182条（40.09%）]，其次为信息劝诫型[101条（22.25%）]与能力建设型[91条（20.04%）]，激励引导型[43条（9.47%）]与系统变革型[37条（8.15%）]占比偏低。在利益相关者维度，政府部门[204条（37.92%）]和医疗卫生机构[139条（25.84%）]是核心作用对象，健康相关产业[34条（6.32%）]与社会组织[39条（7.25%）]的政策关注度较低。

我国体重管理政策体系在工具配置上存在显著的结构性失衡，呈现以行政主导和医疗干预为核心的"中心-边缘"治理结构，干预逻辑侧重微观个体行为规制与健康教育，对致胖环境的结构性干预与多元主体协同机制关注不足。未来亟须补齐财税激励与法律规制短板，强化跨部门协同与社会力量动员机制，推动政策体系向法治化、激励化与协同治理方向转型。