In 2025, obesity diagnosis and management entered a new stage characterized by disease stratification and long-term care. Focusing on six key topics: obesity classification, clinical guidelines, novel pharmacotherapies, comorbidity management, weight management clinics, and nutrition labeling, this paper summarizes the major advances in obesity research and practice worldwide in 2025. The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology Commission proposed a new framework distinguishing pre-clinical obesity and clinical obesity. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE), European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), and WHO further emphasized that treatment should be determined by obesity-related complications and functional impairment. Tirzepatide, mazdutide, oral GLP-1 receptor agonists, and multi-target agents have propelled anti-obesity medications into an era of high efficacy and diversification. The management of obesity-related comorbidities and diseases, including type 2 diabetes, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, osteoarthritis, and obstructive sleep apnea, has become a clinical priority. China is concurrently advancing the establishment of standardized weight management clinics and the implementation of digital labeling for pre-packaged foods, marking a strategic shift in obesity management from purely clinical treatment toward integrated prevention and care. This paper aims to provide an annual reference for clinical research, specialty development, and practice in the field of obesity for the year 2026.

2025年肥胖诊疗进入以疾病分层和长期管理为主线的新阶段。本文围绕肥胖分型、临床指南、新型药物、共病共治、体重门诊和营养标签6个关键词，总结2025年国内外肥胖领域的重要进展。《柳叶刀·糖尿病与内分泌学》委员会提出了临床前肥胖与临床肥胖的新框架，美国临床内分泌医师学会（AACE）、欧洲肥胖研究学会（EASO）和WHO进一步强调了以并发症和功能受损决定治疗强度。替尔泊肽、玛仕度肽、口服胰高血糖素样肽1受体激动剂及多靶点药物推动减重药物进入高效和多样化阶段。肥胖相关2型糖尿病、射血分数保留的心力衰竭、代谢相关脂肪性肝炎、骨关节炎和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停等共病管理成为临床重点。我国同步推进健康体重管理门诊建设和预包装食品数字标签实施，肥胖防治正在从医院治疗延伸到医防融合。本文旨在为2026年肥胖临床研究、专科建设以及肥胖临床实践、研究及学科发展提供年度参考。