Abstract: As the world's tenth most prevalent cancer, bladder cancer imposes a substantial burden in China, exacerbated by rapid demographic aging and high rates of smoking and occupational exposure. The 10th edition of the Australian Guidelines for Preventive Activities in General Practice does not recommend bladder cancer screening for asymptomatic adults, citing insufficient evidence to determine the balance of benefits and harms. China should adopt a "case detection" approach rather than universal screening. Primary care practitioners are uniquely positioned to spearhead this transition by prioritizing primary prevention and lifestyle counseling. By focusing on high-risk cohorts and integrating early detection with standardized management, China can more effectively utilize healthcare resources and mitigate the long-term impact of the disease.

Key words: Bladder cancer, Preventive health services, Guidelines for Preventive Activities in General Practice, Interpretation and discussion, Screening, Diagnosis, Therapy

摘要： 膀胱癌作为全球第十大常见癌症，在我国呈现发病绝对数高、增长潜力大且老龄化负担重的特点，吸烟和职业暴露是其核心危险因素。澳大利亚全科医生学会《全科医学的预防活动指南》中关于膀胱癌的预防提到，因为没有足够的证据来表明筛查利大于弊，所以不建议对没有症状的成年人进行膀胱癌筛查。针对我国国情，可着重于病例发现策略。全科医生应发挥基层优势，以一级预防为重，强化控烟与职业防护和生活方式干预，实施高危人群的诊断性检查。总之，构建预防优先、靶向筛查、全程管理的综合体系，是实现医疗资源高效利用、缓解疾病负担的关键。

关键词: 膀胱癌, 预防卫生服务, 全科医学的预防活动指南, 解读和讨论, 筛查, 诊断, 治疗