Abstract: The overlap in clinical presentation between bipolar Ⅱ（BD- Ⅱ ） disorder and depressive disorders（DD） poses a significant challenge for differential diagnosis in primary care. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical to improve patient prognosis，and general practitioners（GPs），as frontline healthcare providers，play a pivotal role in initial screening，diagnosis，and treatment planning. However，GPs currently face challenges in accurately distinguishing BD- Ⅱ from DD. This paper summarises recent research advances in the differential diagnosis of BD- Ⅱ and DD，with a focus on clinical features，use of screening tools and follow-up strategies，it further evaluates the strengths and limitations of existing screening instruments in primary care settings. Additionally，emerging tools such as artificial intelligence，biomarkers and remote monitoring technologies are discussed for their potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy，offering valuable insights for follow-up research and clinical practice.

Key words: Primary care；General practitioners；Bipolar Ⅱ disorder；Depressive disorder；Diagnosis, differential

摘要： 双相Ⅱ型情感障碍与抑郁障碍在临床表现上存在重叠，使得在初级保健领域的两者鉴别面临严峻挑战。早期准确诊断对于改善患者预后至关重要，全科医生作为初级保健体系中的首诊医师，在疾病的早期筛查、识别和初始治疗方案制定中发挥重要作用。然而，目前全科医生在准确鉴别双相Ⅱ型情感障碍与抑郁障碍方面仍存在困难。本文总结了近年来双相Ⅱ型情感障碍与抑郁障碍鉴别诊断的研究进展，重点从临床特征、筛查工具的应用及随访策略等方面阐述两种疾病在初级保健领域的鉴别方法，并探讨现有筛查工具的优势与局限。此外，文章也展望了人工智能、生物标志物及远程监测等工具在提升鉴别诊断准确性方面的应用前景，以期为后续研究和临床实践提供参考。

关键词: 初级保健；全科医生；双相Ⅱ型情感障碍；抑郁障碍；诊断, 鉴别