Abstract: Background As the health "guardians" of rural residents, rural doctors play a crucial role in the development of the rural healthcare system. Objective This study aims to systematically review and scientifically evaluate China's rural doctor policies since the healthcare system reform, providing references for promoting the high-quality development of the rural doctor workforce. Methods From October 2023 to July 2024, this study employed social network analysis and the PMC index model to construct an evaluation index system for China's rural doctor policies since the deepening of healthcare system reform. The system comprises nine primary variables and 40 secondary variables. Subsequently, empirical analysis was conducted on ten selected policy samples for evaluation, calculating the PMC index, plotting PMC surfaces, and creating mean radar charts. This enabled a quantitative evaluation and analysis of China's rural doctor policies. Results In the evaluation of ten policy samples, the overall effectiveness was rated positively, with nine items assessed as good and one as excellent. Driven by the Healthy China Strategy, rural revitalization, and targeted poverty alleviation in healthcare, the relevance of policies concerning the development of rural healthcare teams has steadily improved. However, several shortcomings persist, including incomplete coverage of policy content, relatively independent policy-issuing agencies, and an excessive concentration of effectiveness levels.Additionally, the consistency of policies requires further enhancement. Conclusion The rural doctor policy should be optimized by improving the combination of policy tools, addressing infrastructure deficiencies, strengthening legislative safeguards, and enhancing inter-departmental coordination, so as to promote the high-quality development of the rural doctor workforce.

Key words: Health policy, Rural doctors, Primary health care system, PMC index model, Quantitative evaluation of policies

摘要： 背景 乡村医生作为农村居民的健康“守护人”，是建设乡村医疗卫生体系的重要力量。目的 对深化医药卫生体制改革以来我国乡村医生政策进行梳理和科学评价，为促进乡村医生队伍高质量发展提供参考。方法 于2023年10月—2024年7月，本研究利用社会网络分析法和政策一致性（PMC）指数模型，构建深化医药卫生体制改革以来我国乡村医生政策评价指标体系，其中包含9个主变量和40个子变量，其次对选取的10份待评价政策样本进行实证分析，计算PMC指数，绘制PMC曲面及均值雷达图，对我国乡村医生政策进行量化评价分析。结果 在10份待评价政策样本中，政策效力评价整体良好，良好9项、优秀1项。在健康中国、乡村振兴、健康扶贫等背景的推动下，与乡村医生队伍建设有关政策的针对性稳步提高。然而，目前仍存在政策内容覆盖不够全面、政策发布机构较为独立、效力级别过于集中等短板问题，政策一致性仍有待加强。结论 未来应从优化政策工具组合、补齐基础设施建设短板、加强立法保障与强化跨部门协同等方面综合施策，以推动乡村医生队伍的高质量发展。研究局限在于样本仅聚焦于国家层面的核心政策，样本的全面性可能受限。

关键词: 卫生政策, 乡村医生, 基层医疗卫生体系, PMC 指数模型, 政策量化评价