Chinese General Practice ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (16): 1984-1988.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0898

Special Issue: 神经退行性病变最新文章合集

• Original Research·Focus on Population Health • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Value of Reduced Taste Recognition Ability in Early Warning of Mild Cognitive Impairment

  

  1. Department of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
  • Received:2023-01-10 Revised:2023-02-28 Published:2023-06-05 Online:2023-03-23
  • Contact: BAI Yamei

味觉识别能力下降在轻度认知障碍早期预警中的价值研究

  

  1. 210023 江苏省南京市,南京中医药大学护理学院
  • 通讯作者: 柏亚妹
  • 作者简介:
    作者贡献:马云云负责文章的构思、设计、撰写;宋玉磊负责统计学指导;梁晓、高姣姣、戚馨如、王野负责数据收集与整理;徐桂华负责论文的修订;柏亚妹负责文章的质量控制及审校,并对文章整体负责。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目--基于家庭视角的老年轻度认知功能障碍早期预警与支持性干预研究(72174095); 江苏省社会科学基金一般项目--老年病患风险预警与三级防控体系构建研究(20GLB018); 2022年江苏省研究生科研创新计划--基于多感官刺激的MCI患者居家干预方案构建与实证(KYCX22_2048)

Abstract:

Background

There is no effective cure for Alzheimer's disease. Early identification of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and determination of its sensitive warning indicators are current research hotspots.

Objective

To explore the relationship between taste recognition decline and cognitive function, and to clarify the value of taste recognition decline in early recognition of MCI.

Methods

From July to August 2022, 30 older adults with MCI were recruited from a Nanjing community by convenience sampling method, and were compared to age-, sex-, and years of education-matched 32 healthy controls. The General Information Questionnaire, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Beijing Version (MoCA-Beijing), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) were used to assess demographics, cognitive function, status of activities of daily living, and severity of dementia, respectively. The taste function was examined by the whole mouth test. Correlation analysis and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to determine the value of taste recognition decline in early warning of MCI.

Results

Two groups had no significant differences in average age, gender ratio and average years of education (P>0.05), but significantly differed in the average MoCA-Beijing score and MMSE score (P<0.05). Compared with healthy controls, MCI patients had much lower average scores in overall taste recognition, sweet taste recognition, salty taste recognition and bitter taste recognition (P<0.05). In MCI patients, the overall taste recognition score was positively correlated with overall cognitive function, attention, orientation (r=0.433, 0.540, 0.392, P<0.05), salty taste recognition score was positively correlated with delayed recall ability (r=0.379, P<0.05), bitter taste recognition score was positively correlated with attention (r=0.471, P<0.05), umami taste recognition score was positively correlated with language ability (r=0.408, P<0.05). The AUC of the total score of taste recognition ability in predicting MCI was 0.781, with 0.844 sensitivity, 0.600 specificity, and an optimal cut-off value of 18.5.

Conclusion

Decreased abilities of sweet, salty and bitter recognition were found in MCI patients. The decreased ability of taste recognition was closely related to cognitive function. The decrease in the total score of taste recognition ability may partially predict MCI, and is a key early warning indicator of MCI.

Key words: Dysgeusia, Hypogeusia, Mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, Early recognition

摘要:

背景

目前,阿尔茨海默病尚无有效治愈手段,早期识别轻度认知障碍(MCI)、明确MCI预警敏感指标是目前研究的热点。

目的

探究味觉识别能力下降与认知功能之间的关系,明确味觉识别能力下降在MCI早期识别中的价值。

方法

2022年7—8月,采用便利抽样法在南京市某社区招募MCI患者30例,另选取性别、年龄、受教育年限与之相匹配的健康对照老年人(HC)32例。采用一般资料调查表、蒙特利尔认知评估量表-Beijing版(MoCA-Beijing版)、简易精神状态量表(MMSE)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)、临床痴呆评定量表(CDR)对其进行调查,采用全口味觉检查法检测受试者味觉识别能力,通过相关性分析、受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线明确味觉识别能力下降在MCI早期预警中的价值。

结果

两组受试者年龄、性别、受教育程度、婚姻状况、职业性质比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);MoCA-Beijing版得分、MMSE得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与HC组相比,MCI患者的味觉识别能力总分更低,甜、咸、苦味识别能力得分更低(P<0.05)。MCI患者的味觉识别能力总分与总体认知功能得分、注意力维度得分、定向能力维度得分呈正相关(r=0.433、0.540、0.392,P<0.05),咸味识别能力得分与延迟回忆维度得分呈正相关(r=0.379,P<0.05),苦味识别能力得分与注意力维度得分呈正相关(r=0.471,P<0.05),鲜味识别能力得分与语言能力维度得分呈正相关(r=0.408,P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示味觉识别能力总分预测MCI的AUC为0.781,灵敏度为0.844,特异度为0.600,最佳临界值为18.5分。

结论

MCI患者已出现甜、咸、苦味识别能力下降,味觉识别能力下降与认知功能障碍密切相关,味觉识别能力总分下降对MCI有一定预测价值,是MCI早期预警的重要指标。

关键词: 味觉异常, 味觉减退, 轻度认知障碍, 阿尔茨海默病, 早期预警