间歇性禁食对心血管代谢疾病影响的研究进展

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0158

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文综述了间歇性禁食对人体心血管代谢疾病的影响，回顾了部分禁食形式-交替日禁食、5∶2饮食、时间限制饮食和16∶8饮食法，这些方案可能通过降低血压、胰岛素抵抗和氧化应激来促进心脏代谢健康。尽管尚无大型随机对照试验来研究间歇性禁食与心血管结局之间的关系，以及个别研究显示禁食可能增高心血管疾病风险，但现有的大多数临床研究提示这种饮食模式可能通过改善体质量控制、高血压、血脂异常和糖尿病来降低心血管疾病的风险。间歇性禁食可能通过减少氧化应激、优化昼夜节律和生酮作用等多条途径发挥作用。间歇性禁食通常是安全的，不会导致能量水平紊乱或增加饮食紊乱行为，同时也有其他健康益处。总之，间歇性禁食是一种相对安全的饮食疗法，对心血管的潜在影响还需继续探究。

关键词: 心血管代谢疾病, 糖尿病, 高血压, 血脂异常, 间歇性禁食, 隔日禁食, 5∶2饮食, 限时饮食, 16∶8饮食法

Abstract:

This review summarizes the effects of intermittent fasting on cardiometabolic diseases in humans and examines various fasting regimens-including alternate-day fasting, the 5∶2 diet, time-restricted eating, and the 16∶8 diet. These approaches may confer benefits for cardiometabolic health by reducing blood pressure, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. Although large-scale randomized controlled trials investigating the relationship between intermittent fasting and cardiovascular outcomes are lacking, and some studies suggest a potential increase in cardiovascular risk, the majority of existing clinical evidence indicates that this dietary pattern may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by improving weight control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Intermittent fasting is thought to exert its effects through multiple mechanisms, including reduced oxidative stress, optimized circadian rhythms, and ketogenesis. It is generally safe and is not associated with disruptions in energy levels or increased disordered eating behaviors, while also offering additional health benefits. In conclusion, intermittent fasting represents a relatively safe dietary intervention whose potential cardiovascular implications warrant further investigation.

Key words: Cardiovascular metabolic diseases, Diabetes, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, Intermittent fasting, Alternate day fasting, 5∶2 diet, 16∶8 diet

苗境杰,张晋雯,吴千豪,等. 间歇性禁食对心血管代谢疾病影响的研究进展[J]. 中国全科医学, 2026, 29(18): 2538-2545. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0158.
MIAO Jingjie,ZHANG Jinwen,WU Qianhao, et al. Research Advances on the Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Diseases[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(18): 2538-2545. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0158.

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