中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (10): 1267-1276.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0469

所属专题: 可避免住院最新文章合辑

• 中国全科医疗/社区卫生服务工作研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国中西部农村慢性病可避免住院分析

李明月1,2, 张笑天3,4, 汤皓晴1,2, 郑汇娴1,2, 程晓冉2, 魏添添2, 张柏松2, 程昊哲2, 周俣勋2, 刘晓云2,*()   

  1. 1.100191 北京市,北京大学公共卫生学院
    2.100191 北京市,北京大学中国卫生发展研究中心
    3.211166 江苏省南京市,南京医科大学医政学院
    4.211166 江苏省南京市,南京医科大学江苏省健康研究院
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-06 修回日期:2026-01-25 出版日期:2026-04-05 发布日期:2026-03-25
  • 通讯作者: 刘晓云

  • 作者贡献:

    李明月、刘晓云负责文章的构思设计;李明月、张笑天、汤皓晴、郑汇娴、程晓冉、张柏松、程昊哲负责现场调查收集数据;李明月、张柏松、程昊哲负责数据清理;李明月负责数据分析、论文撰写并对文章负责;周俣勋负责对统计方法提出重要修改意见;张笑天、汤皓晴、郑汇娴、刘晓云负责对文章内容提出重要修改意见;刘晓云负责文章指导、质量控制与审校。

    本文首次刊登于Chinese General Practice Journal 2024年第4期(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950559324000476)

  • 基金资助:
    国家留学基金委2023年国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目(202306010282)

Avoidable Hospitalizations for Chronic Diseases in Rural Areas China

LI Mingyue1,2, ZHANG Xiaotian3,4, TANG Haoqing1,2, ZHENG Huixian1,2, CHENG Xiaoran2, WEI Tiantian2, ZHANG Baisong2, CHENG Haozhe2, ZHOU Yuxun2, LIU Xiaoyun2,*()   

  1. 1. School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
    2. China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
    3. School of Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
    4. Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
  • Received:2025-06-06 Revised:2026-01-25 Published:2026-04-05 Online:2026-03-25
  • Contact: LIU Xiaoyun

摘要: 背景 高质量的基本医疗卫生(PHC)可以通过对慢性病及时、有效、连续的干预措施,延缓并发症发生发展,从而预防患者因病情恶化而住院。我国对中西部农村可避免住院的关注较少。 目的 本文旨在完善可避免住院的测量方式,以糖尿病和高血压患者的可避免住院发生率作为指标,分析我国中西部农村地区PHC的质量和效率。 方法 利用两省三家县级医院2017—2021年病案首页数据,根据国际疾病分类第十版(ICD-10)诊断筛选纳入61 450条高血压、糖尿病相关住院记录,并界定两类可避免住院:(1)PHC可预防且本次不可避免,(2)PHC可预防且本次可避免。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析可避免住院的影响因素。 结果 2017—2021年18.12%(3 608/19 913)的糖尿病住院、49.6%(26 292/53 059)的高血压住院属于PHC可预防且本次不可避免住院;8.07%(1 606/19 913)的糖尿病住院、2.29%(1 214/53 059)的高血压住院属于PHC可预防且本次可避免住院,两种慢性病的可避免住院造成了约237万元/年的资金浪费。糖尿病可避免住院的影响因素包括患者人口学特征和健康状况(P<0.05);高血压可避免住院影响因素则包括患者人口学特征和健康状况(P<0.05),同时也与医疗保险、到医院距离有关(P<0.05)。 结论 我国中西部农村县域内慢性病PHC质量不佳,同时存在效率低下和资源浪费的问题。提升基层能力、改善PHC质量是未来慢性病防治工作的重点。

关键词: 慢性病, 可避免住院, 农村卫生, 基本医疗卫生, 中西部

Abstract:

Background

High-quality primary health care (PHC) can reduce chronic disease complications and prevent severe cases from requiring hospitalization. However, limited attention has been given to PHC quality in rural areas of central and western China.

Objective

This study aims to refine the measurement of avoidable hospitalizations using diabetes and hypertension as tracer conditions to assess PHC quality and efficiency in these regions.

Methods

Data from 61 450 hospitalizations at three county hospitals (2017-2021) were analyzed. Two categories of avoidable hospitalizations were identified: (1) PHC-preventable but currently unavoidable, and (2) PHC-preventable and currently avoidable. A multilevel Logistic regression model was used to assess influencing factors.

Results

Among hospitalizations, 18.12% (3 608/19 913) for diabetes and 49.6% (26 292/53 059) for hypertension were PHC-preventable but unavoidable, while 8.1% (1 606/19 913) and 2.29% (1 214/53 059), respectively, were PHC-preventable and avoidable. This inefficiency led to an annual waste of approximately 2.37 million yuan. Factors influencing avoidable hospitalisation for diabetes included patient demographic characteristics and health status (P<0.05); factors influencing avoidable hospitalisation for hypertension included patient demographic characteristics and health status (P<0.05), and were also associated with health insurance coverage and distance to hospital (P<0.05).

Conclusion

PHC quality for chronic diseases in rural central and western China is suboptimal, leading to inefficiencies and resource wastage. Improving health systemcapacity and PHC quality is essential for better chronic disease management.

Key words: Chronic diseases, Avoidable hospitalizations, Rural health, Primary health care, Central and western China