中国全科医学 ›› 2020, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (24): 3081-3085.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2020.00.217

所属专题: 营养最新文章合集

• 专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

京津地区养老机构《老年人营养不良风险评估》应用效果评价研究

朱丹1,曾平2,韩凤3,谢红1*   

  1. 1.100083北京市,北京大学护理学院 2.100730北京市,北京医院 国家卫生健康委员会北京老年医学研究所 3.100872北京市,中国社会保障学会医疗保障专业委员会
    *通信作者:谢红,副教授;E-mail:xh6959@163.com
  • 出版日期:2020-08-20 发布日期:2020-08-20

Evaluation of application effect of Malnutrition Risk Assessment of the Aged in long-term care facilities in Beijing and Tianjin

ZHU Dan1,ZENG Ping2,HAN Feng3,XIE Hong1*   

  1. 1.Peking University School of Nursing,Beijing 100083,China
    2.Beijing Hospital/Beijing Institute of Geriatrics,National Health Commission of the PRC,Beijing 100730,China
    3.Medical Security Committee of China Association of Social Security,Beijing 100872,China
    *Corresponding author:XIE Hong,Associate professor;E-mail:xh6959@163.com
  • Published:2020-08-20 Online:2020-08-20

摘要: 背景 营养筛查与评估是开展规范化营养支持的基础,WS/T 552-2017《老年人营养不良风险评估》发布前后,尚缺乏关于此标准中评估工具信效度研究的有关报告。目的 评价《老年人营养不良风险评估》在京津地区有代表性的养老机构应用的信效度。方法 2019年5—6月,采用方便抽样对北京、天津7家养老机构中入住的444名老年人进行问卷调查。采用临界比、条目-总分相关系数、探索性因子分析、Cronbach's α系数和折半信度系数评价《老年人营养不良风险评估》的信效度。结果 共发放问卷474份,回收有效问卷444份,有效回收率为93.7%。《老年人营养不良风险评估》各条目临界比为-1.992~13.272,条目-总分相关系数为-0.051~0.566;探索性因子分析共提取8个公因子,累积解释变异量为62.069%,4个条目因子载荷<0.40而未达标准;《老年人营养不良风险评估》的Cronbach's α系数为0.323,折半信度为0.531,8个公因子的Cronbach's α系数为-0.542~0.649,折半信度为-0.424~0.637。结论 《老年人营养不良风险评估》在养老机构中应用时部分条目的鉴别度和同质性不高,结构效度和内部一致性不是非常理想,在进行养老机构老年人营养状况筛查与评价时,需要对条目进一步斟酌,才能更有效地评价养老机构老年人的营养状况。

关键词: 营养不良, 营养评价, 老年人, 养老机构, 信度, 效度, 北京, 天津

Abstract: Background Nutrition screening and assessment is the basis for the development of standardized nutrition support.There have been no reports on the reliability and validity of the evaluation tool before and after the issuance of the industry standard WS/T 552-2017 Malnutrition Risk Assessment of the Aged.Objective To assess the reliability and validity of Malnutrition Risk Assessment of the Aged among the elderly in representative long-term care facilities in Beijing and Tianjin.Methods Using convenient sampling method,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 444 old people from seven long-term care facilities in Beijing and Tianjin from May to June,2019.The reliability and validity of Malnutrition Risk Assessment of the Aged were evaluated by critical ratio,correlation coefficient between each item and the total score,exploratory factor analysis,Cronbach's α coefficient,and split-half reliability coefficient.Results The effective response rate of questionnaire was 93.7%(444/474).The critical ratio of each item in Malnutrition Risk Assessment of the Aged ranged from -1.992 to 13.272,and the correlation coefficient between each item and the total score ranged from -0.051 to 0.566.Eight common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis,and the cumulative explained variation was 62.069%.The factor loading of four items was <0.40 and failed to meet the standard.The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.323 and split-half reliability coefficient was 0.531.The Cronbach's α coefficient of the eight common factors ranged from -0.542 to 0.649,and the split-half reliability coefficient ranged from -0.424 to 0.637.Conclusion When applied among the elderly in long-term care facilities,a few items of Malnutrition Risk Assessment of the Aged had poor item discrimination and homogeneity,and the construct validity and internal consistency of Malnutrition Risk Assessment of the Aged are not very ideal.When screening and assessing the nutritional status of the elderly in long-term care facilities,it is necessary to further consider the items of Malnutrition Risk Assessment of the Aged,in order to evaluate the nutritional status of the elderly in a more efficient and effective manner.

Key words: Malnutrition, Nutrition assessment, Aged, Long-term care facilities, Reliability, Validity, Beijing, Tianjin