关键词: 不育, 男（雄）性, 超声, 经直肠, 射精管, 精囊, 输精管末段

Abstract: Objective　To explore the value of transrectal ultrasound in diagnosing male infertility.Methods　We summarized and analyzed the sonographic features of the ejaculatory duct，the seminal vesicles，and the terminal part of the vas deferens in patients with non-sexual dysfunction infertility who were treated at the Peking University Third Hospital between January 2014 and February 2016.Results　Ultrasound examination revealed an abnormality rate of 49.29% （836/1 696） in the ejaculatory duct，seminal vesicle，and terminal vas deferens.The incidence of abnormalities in the ejaculatory duct was 31.72% （538 cases），including 458 cases（27.00%） of ejaculatory duct cysts，35 cases（2.06%） of ejaculatory duct calcification or stones，28 cases（1.65%） of ejaculatory duct cysts accompanied by stones，8 cases（0.47%） of ejaculatory duct expansion accompanied by stones，7 cases（0.41%） of ejaculatory duct expansion，and 2 cases（0.12%） of ejaculatory duct wall thickening.The incidence of seminal vesicle abnormalities was 32.02%（543/1 696），including 290 cases（17.10%） of congenital deficiency of the seminal vesicle，127 cases（7.49%） of congenital dysplasia of the seminal vesicle，81 cases（4.78%） of seminal vesicle expansion，25 cases（1.47%） of seminal vesicle stones，11 cases（0.65%） of seminal vesicle cysts，and 9 cases（0.53%） of seminal vesicle wall thickening.The rate of abnormalities in the terminal vas deferens was 8.20% （139/1 696），of which 109 cases（6.43%） had congenital deficiency or dysplasia of the vas deferens，11 cases （0.65%） had expansion of the terminal vas deferens，11 cases （0.65%） had vas deferens calcification or stones，8 cases（0.47%） had vas deferens wall thickened.Conclusion　Transrectal ultrasound examination of male infertility can be used to diagnose patients with congenital and acquired lesions of the ejaculatory duct，seminal vesicles，and terminal vas deferens，thus providing clear diagnostic value and a basis for disease treatment.

Key words: Infertility, male；Ultrasound, transrectal；Ejaculatory ducts；Seminal vesicles；Terminal segment of vas deferens