可穿戴技术在精神障碍诊疗中的研究进展

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0239

中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (27): 4016-4025.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0239

可穿戴技术在精神障碍诊疗中的研究进展

冯雅晨¹, 刘乐伟¹, 薛金月², 孙先林¹, 刘寰忠¹^,^*()

1．238000　安徽省合肥市，安徽医科大学第四附属医院精神科
2．238000　安徽省合肥市，安徽医科大学精神卫生与心理科学学院

收稿日期:2025-08-09 修回日期:2025-09-03 出版日期:2026-09-20 发布日期:2026-08-11
通讯作者: 刘寰忠
作者贡献：
冯雅晨负责文章的构思与设计、研究资料的收集与整理、论文撰写；刘乐伟参与文章的构思与设计、论文修订；薛金月、孙先林负责表格的编辑与整理；刘寰忠负责文章的质量控制及审校，对文章整体负责，监督管理。
基金资助:
安徽省卫生健康科研项目(AHWJ2024Aa10004)

Research Progress of Wearable Technology in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Disorders

FENG Yachen¹, LIU Lewei¹, XUE Jinyue², SUN Xianlin¹, LIU Huanzhong¹^,^*()

1. Psychiatry Department, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, China
2. School of Mental Health and Psychological Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, China

Received:2025-08-09 Revised:2025-09-03 Published:2026-09-20 Online:2026-08-11
Contact: LIU Huanzhong

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 可穿戴技术是将微型化电子设备与日常穿戴物品相结合的新兴技术领域，通过集成传感器、微处理器和通信模块等技术手段，可实现对人体生理数据的监测、信息交互及环境感知等功能。近年来，随着技术的不断进步，可穿戴技术在精神障碍领域的应用逐渐受到关注，并展现出巨大潜力。与以往研究多聚焦于可穿戴技术在单一精神疾病或单一功能上的应用不同，本文全面且系统地梳理了可穿戴技术在精神障碍诊断、症状评估及治疗中的应用，并深入分析其潜在优势与挑战。此外，本文不仅涵盖了主流应用，还前瞻性地指出其在持续监测多维度生理行为指标、构建数字表型及多模态干预等方面的创新性路径，以期为精神障碍的早期识别、精准干预提供新思路，为临床诊疗实践及未来研究提供参考与启示。

关键词: 可穿戴电子设备, 精神障碍, 诊断, 症状评估, 治疗, 综述

Abstract:

Wearable technology is an emerging technology field that combines miniaturized electronic devices with daily wearable items, and through the integration of sensors, microprocessors, and communication modules and other technological means, it can realize the monitoring of human physiological data, information interaction, and environment sensing and other functions. In recent years, with the continuous progress of technology, the application of wearable technology in the field of mental disorders has gradually attracted attention and shown great potential. Unlike previous studies that primarily focused on the application of wearable technology for a single mental disorder or a single function, this paper comprehensively and systematically reviews the use of wearable technology in the diagnosis, symptom assessment, and treatment of mental disorders, while also conducting an in-depth analysis of its potential advantages and challenges. Furthermore, this paper not only covers mainstream applications but also prospectively highlights innovative pathways in continuous monitoring of multidimensional physiological and behavioral indicators, constructing digital phenotypes, and implementing multimodal interventions. It aims to provide new insights for the early identification and precise intervention of mental disorders, offering references and inspiration for clinical practice and future research.

Key words: Wearable electronic devices, Mental disorders, Diagnosis, Symptom assessment, Therapy, Review

中图分类号:

R 749　R 197.38

冯雅晨,刘乐伟,薛金月,等. 可穿戴技术在精神障碍诊疗中的研究进展[J]. 中国全科医学, 2026, 29(27): 4016-4025. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0239.
FENG Yachen,LIU Lewei,XUE Jinyue, et al. Research Progress of Wearable Technology in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Disorders[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(27): 4016-4025. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0239.

图/表 2

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可穿戴技术类型	核心功能	临床适用范围	代表性研究
智能手表、手环、腕带	实时监测心率、心率变异率、皮肤电活动、运动活动度及睡眠参数	（1）精神障碍患者的日常监测；（2）辅助诊断与疗效评估；（3）症状波动预警	Lipschitz等^[5]：基于Fitbit采集的心率、睡眠和活动数据辅助双相情感障碍诊断
可穿戴传感器贴片	（1）面部肌电信号监测；（2）服药依从性监测	（1）情绪状态识别；（2）治疗依从性管理	Cochran等^[6]：采用AS实现精准服药监测
便携式脑电图设备	持续采集脑电信号	（1）神经功能评估；（2）神经反馈治疗；（3）脑功能状态监测	Bois等^[7]：基于脑电图的神经反馈训练可明显改善创伤后应激障碍症状
光疗眼镜	通过特定波长光调节褪黑素分泌	（1）昼夜节律调节；（2）抑郁症状改善；（3）睡眠障碍干预	Swanson等^[8]：证实光疗眼镜对产后抑郁的确切疗效
可穿戴经颅磁刺激设备	产生脉冲磁场调节皮层兴奋性	（1）抑郁障碍治疗；（2）神经调控治疗；（3）脑功能康复	Qi等^[9]：开发的可穿戴重复经颅磁刺激设备实现了抑郁障碍居家治疗
智能眼镜	实时面部表情识别与社交提示	（1）社交技能训练；（2）情绪识别辅助；（3）孤独症谱系障碍干预	Voss等^[10]：Superpower Glass项目可明显改善孤独症谱系障碍患者的社交能力
可穿戴相机	日常事件记录	（1）记忆功能训练；（2）认知康复；（3）现实导向治疗	Dassing等^[11]：通过场景重现改善精神分裂症患者自传体记忆障碍

可穿戴技术类型	核心功能	临床适用范围	代表性研究
智能手表、手环、腕带	实时监测心率、心率变异率、皮肤电活动、运动活动度及睡眠参数	（1）精神障碍患者的日常监测；（2）辅助诊断与疗效评估；（3）症状波动预警	Lipschitz等^[5]：基于Fitbit采集的心率、睡眠和活动数据辅助双相情感障碍诊断
可穿戴传感器贴片	（1）面部肌电信号监测；（2）服药依从性监测	（1）情绪状态识别；（2）治疗依从性管理	Cochran等^[6]：采用AS实现精准服药监测
便携式脑电图设备	持续采集脑电信号	（1）神经功能评估；（2）神经反馈治疗；（3）脑功能状态监测	Bois等^[7]：基于脑电图的神经反馈训练可明显改善创伤后应激障碍症状
光疗眼镜	通过特定波长光调节褪黑素分泌	（1）昼夜节律调节；（2）抑郁症状改善；（3）睡眠障碍干预	Swanson等^[8]：证实光疗眼镜对产后抑郁的确切疗效
可穿戴经颅磁刺激设备	产生脉冲磁场调节皮层兴奋性	（1）抑郁障碍治疗；（2）神经调控治疗；（3）脑功能康复	Qi等^[9]：开发的可穿戴重复经颅磁刺激设备实现了抑郁障碍居家治疗
智能眼镜	实时面部表情识别与社交提示	（1）社交技能训练；（2）情绪识别辅助；（3）孤独症谱系障碍干预	Voss等^[10]：Superpower Glass项目可明显改善孤独症谱系障碍患者的社交能力
可穿戴相机	日常事件记录	（1）记忆功能训练；（2）认知康复；（3）现实导向治疗	Dassing等^[11]：通过场景重现改善精神分裂症患者自传体记忆障碍

可穿戴设备指标	行为学表征	相关精神障碍
心率	（1）静息心率持续性升高：提示交感神经兴奋性增强，与应激反应或情绪波动密切相关；可能反映患者处于长期的应激状态，情绪调节能力下降（2）心率波动幅度增大：情绪不稳定性表现	（1）焦虑障碍、惊恐发作、PTSD；（2）焦虑障碍、ADHD
H RV	HRV降低：提示自主神经系统功能失调，表现为情绪调节能力减弱，以及在压力环境下行为适应性下降。该指标异常可能与多种精神障碍相关，尤其是在情绪调节和应激反应方面存在缺陷的患者中更为常见	抑郁障碍、焦虑障碍、精神分裂症、ADHD等
EDA	（1）EDA减弱：提示自主神经系统对刺激的反应减弱，表现为对环境刺激的迟钝或淡漠；可能反映患者存在情感淡漠或对外界刺激缺乏兴趣（2）EDA增强：提示自主神经系统过度激活，个体可能处于高度警惕状态	（1）抑郁障碍、双相情感障碍（抑郁发作期）；（2）焦虑障碍、惊恐发作
运动相关数据	（1）活动量减少：步数和运动频率持续降低，久坐时间增加，提示快感缺失、动力缺乏；可能反映患者存在动力不足或兴趣减退（2）活动量增多：步数和运动频率持续增高，表现为难以静坐、精力旺盛；可能反映患者处于躁狂状态或过度兴奋状态（3）活动节奏紊乱：日常活动缺乏规律性，可能与过度警觉、回避行为密切相关	（1）抑郁障碍、双相情感障碍（抑郁发作期）；（2）ADHD、双相情感障碍（躁狂发作期）；（3）焦虑障碍、PTSD
睡眠相关数据	（1）睡眠质量差：入睡时间延长、睡眠浅、觉醒次数多、总睡眠时间短等，表现为白天疲乏、困倦、工作效率低下；可能反映患者存在睡眠节律紊乱或睡眠维持困难（2）昼夜节律紊乱：起床、入睡时间波动较大，睡眠周期紊乱，甚至出现昼夜颠倒现象；可能与生物钟失调或情绪调节障碍有关	（1）抑郁障碍、焦虑障碍等；（2）双相情感障碍、精神分裂症、焦虑障碍、抑郁障碍
语音特征	（1）声音强度降低、语言表达混乱：提示个体思维紊乱、表达困难；可能反映患者存在思维组织障碍或言语表达能力下降（2）语速减缓、语调单一、语言贫乏：可能提示情感淡漠（3）停顿、中断频繁：可能因思维受阻或注意力分散导致言语中断	（1）精神分裂症；（2）精神分裂症、抑郁障碍；（3）精神分裂症、ADHD
面部表情	（1）面部表情单一：面部肌肉活动减少，表情缺乏多样性，提示情感淡漠或迟钝；可能反映患者对情绪的表达能力受限（2）面部表情与内心情绪不一致：提示情感倒错，可能与情绪调节障碍或认知功能异常有关	（1）抑郁障碍、ASD、精神分裂症、PTSD；（2）精神分裂症
社交互动数据	（1）眼神交流减少：社交互动中频繁转移视线、回避对视，提示社交回避行为；可能反映患者存在社交焦虑或对社交互动缺乏兴趣（2）通话、信息频率降低：提示社交退缩、回避；可能反映患者存在社交隔离或对社交互动缺乏动力（3）通话、信息频率波动幅度大：提示个体情绪或社交不稳定，可能与情绪波动或社交功能障碍有关	（1）ASD、社交焦虑障碍；（2）抑郁障碍、社交焦虑障碍；（3）双相情感障碍、精神分裂症

可穿戴设备指标	行为学表征	相关精神障碍
心率	（1）静息心率持续性升高：提示交感神经兴奋性增强，与应激反应或情绪波动密切相关；可能反映患者处于长期的应激状态，情绪调节能力下降（2）心率波动幅度增大：情绪不稳定性表现	（1）焦虑障碍、惊恐发作、PTSD；（2）焦虑障碍、ADHD
H RV	HRV降低：提示自主神经系统功能失调，表现为情绪调节能力减弱，以及在压力环境下行为适应性下降。该指标异常可能与多种精神障碍相关，尤其是在情绪调节和应激反应方面存在缺陷的患者中更为常见	抑郁障碍、焦虑障碍、精神分裂症、ADHD等
EDA	（1）EDA减弱：提示自主神经系统对刺激的反应减弱，表现为对环境刺激的迟钝或淡漠；可能反映患者存在情感淡漠或对外界刺激缺乏兴趣（2）EDA增强：提示自主神经系统过度激活，个体可能处于高度警惕状态	（1）抑郁障碍、双相情感障碍（抑郁发作期）；（2）焦虑障碍、惊恐发作
运动相关数据	（1）活动量减少：步数和运动频率持续降低，久坐时间增加，提示快感缺失、动力缺乏；可能反映患者存在动力不足或兴趣减退（2）活动量增多：步数和运动频率持续增高，表现为难以静坐、精力旺盛；可能反映患者处于躁狂状态或过度兴奋状态（3）活动节奏紊乱：日常活动缺乏规律性，可能与过度警觉、回避行为密切相关	（1）抑郁障碍、双相情感障碍（抑郁发作期）；（2）ADHD、双相情感障碍（躁狂发作期）；（3）焦虑障碍、PTSD
睡眠相关数据	（1）睡眠质量差：入睡时间延长、睡眠浅、觉醒次数多、总睡眠时间短等，表现为白天疲乏、困倦、工作效率低下；可能反映患者存在睡眠节律紊乱或睡眠维持困难（2）昼夜节律紊乱：起床、入睡时间波动较大，睡眠周期紊乱，甚至出现昼夜颠倒现象；可能与生物钟失调或情绪调节障碍有关	（1）抑郁障碍、焦虑障碍等；（2）双相情感障碍、精神分裂症、焦虑障碍、抑郁障碍
语音特征	（1）声音强度降低、语言表达混乱：提示个体思维紊乱、表达困难；可能反映患者存在思维组织障碍或言语表达能力下降（2）语速减缓、语调单一、语言贫乏：可能提示情感淡漠（3）停顿、中断频繁：可能因思维受阻或注意力分散导致言语中断	（1）精神分裂症；（2）精神分裂症、抑郁障碍；（3）精神分裂症、ADHD
面部表情	（1）面部表情单一：面部肌肉活动减少，表情缺乏多样性，提示情感淡漠或迟钝；可能反映患者对情绪的表达能力受限（2）面部表情与内心情绪不一致：提示情感倒错，可能与情绪调节障碍或认知功能异常有关	（1）抑郁障碍、ASD、精神分裂症、PTSD；（2）精神分裂症
社交互动数据	（1）眼神交流减少：社交互动中频繁转移视线、回避对视，提示社交回避行为；可能反映患者存在社交焦虑或对社交互动缺乏兴趣（2）通话、信息频率降低：提示社交退缩、回避；可能反映患者存在社交隔离或对社交互动缺乏动力（3）通话、信息频率波动幅度大：提示个体情绪或社交不稳定，可能与情绪波动或社交功能障碍有关	（1）ASD、社交焦虑障碍；（2）抑郁障碍、社交焦虑障碍；（3）双相情感障碍、精神分裂症

可穿戴技术在精神障碍诊疗中的研究进展

Research Progress of Wearable Technology in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Disorders

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