Under the wave of global digital transformation, the data reform in the healthcare industry is accelerating. Countries around the world are actively enacting digital policies to drive the development of healthcare data. This paper focuses on the construction of the healthcare data space driven by digital policies, systematically analyzes its multi-dimensional challenges in data sharing, privacy and security, technology integration, and ethical governance. By combining the practical experiences of the "European Health Data Space" of the European Union and China's "14th Five-Year Plan" policies, it breaks through data silos with technologies such as federated learning and blockchain - based certification, optimizes resource allocation through hierarchical and penetrating capital allocation, and simultaneously establishes a cross - border data mutual recognition mechanism to strengthen international cooperation. The study believes that the sustainable development of the healthcare data space urgently requires the construction of a trinity governance framework of "technology-management-law", relying on technology and policies to create a multi-agent collaborative ecosystem to solve core problems such as insufficient data standardization, storage bottlenecks, and talent shortages. Through the path analysis that combines theory and practice, this paper provides a systematic reference for the construction of the digital foundation of the Healthy China strategy, and is expected to help transform healthcare data from resource deposition to intelligent services, significantly promoting the popularization of precision healthcare and the coordinated development of global health governance.