中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (13): 1706-1712.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0498

所属专题: 社区卫生服务最新研究合辑

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

社区中老年人健康体适能与成功老龄化的关联研究

张亚萍1, 赵序昊1, 庞婷1, 贺心荻1, 袁长征1,2, 温煦3, 刘足云1,2, 徐欣1,2,*()   

  1. 1.310058 浙江省杭州市,浙江大学公共卫生学院 浙江大学医学院附属第二医院
    2.310058 浙江省杭州市,浙江省智能预防医学重点实验室
    3.310058 浙江省杭州市,浙江大学教育学院
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-15 修回日期:2025-11-29 出版日期:2026-05-05 发布日期:2026-04-14
  • 通讯作者: 徐欣

  • 作者贡献:

    张亚萍提出主要研究目标,负责研究的构思与设计,研究的实施,撰写论文;赵序昊负责统计学分析;庞婷、贺心荻负责数据收集与整理及统计学处理;袁长征、温煦、刘足云负责论文的修订;徐欣负责文章的质量控制与审查,对文章整体负责,监督管理。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(72274170)

Association between Health Physical Fitness and Successful Aging among Middle-aged and Elderly Adults in the Community

ZHANG Yaping1, ZHAO Xuhao1, PANG Ting1, HE Xindi1, YUAN Changzheng1,2, WEN Xu3, LIU Zuyun1,2, XU Xin1,2,*()   

  1. 1. School of Public Health/the Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
    2. Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
    3. Department of Sports Science College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
  • Received:2025-06-15 Revised:2025-11-29 Published:2026-05-05 Online:2026-04-14
  • Contact: XU Xin

摘要: 背景 成功老龄化有助于延缓社会老龄化的进程,目前尚缺乏全面的健康体适能评估与成功老龄化的关联研究。 目的 探讨社区中老年人健康体适能与成功老龄化之间的关系。 方法 本研究使用"多领域生活方式干预改善血管性认知障碍的机制研究"2020年12月—2021年8月的基线数据,采用方便抽样法选取10个社区的中老年人895例进行调查。根据Rowe和Kahn的成功老龄化模型,从无重大慢性病、无躯体功能损失、认知功能良好、无抑郁、积极参与社会活动5个方面定义成功老龄化,比较成功老龄化与无成功老龄化两组中老年人的身体形态、身体功能、身体素质等健康体适能;使用二分类Logistic回归分析探讨健康体适能与成功老龄化的关联。 结果 无论男女,与未成功老龄化人群相比,成功老龄化人群的腰围、腰臀比、BMI均更低,下肢力量更好(P<0.05);成功老龄化女性人群的收缩压更低,耐力、平衡能力和上肢柔韧性更好(P<0.05);而成功老龄化男性人群的步速更快、下肢柔韧性更好(P<0.05)。在调整年龄、受教育程度、视力障碍、吸烟史、饮酒史后,女性平衡能力、下肢力量与成功老龄化存在关联,OR(95%CI)分别为1.015(1.003~1.028)和1.080(1.009~1.156)。男性下肢力量与成功老龄化存在关联,OR(95%CI)为1.119(1.005~1.246)(P<0.05)。 结论 成功老龄化人群在身体形态、身体功能、身体素质指标上均优于未成功老龄化人群,且在不同性别中,成功老龄化与健康体适能之间的关系有所差异。建议针对不同性别的中老年群体采取相应的健康体适能管理措施,促进成功老龄化的实现。

关键词: 健康老龄化, 成功老龄化, 健康体适能, Logistic模型

Abstract:

Background

Successful aging helps to slow the process of social aging, and there is a lack of comprehensive research on the association between health physical fitness and successful aging.

Objective

To explore the relationship between health physical fitness and successful aging among community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly adults.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among older adults aged 50 years and older in Hangzhou City. Based on the successful aging model of low risk of disease and disability, high level of physical and cognitive function, and active social engagement, 895 community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly adults of different genders were classified into the successful aging group and the unsuccessful aging group, and the differences in health physical fitness such as physical shape, physical function, and physical quality were compared between these two groups. Binary categorical Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between health physical fitness and successful aging.

Results

Regardless of gender, the successful aging population had lower waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, BMI, and better lower limb strength compared to the unsuccessful aging population. The successful aging female population had lower systolic blood pressure and better endurance, balance, and upper extremity flexibility, whereas the successful aging male population had faster gait speed and better lower extremity flexibility (all P<0.05). After adjusting for age, education, visual impairment, smoking history, and alcohol consumption history, balance and lower limb strength were found to be significantly associated with successful aging in females, with corresponding ORs of 1.015 (1.003-1.028) and 1.080 (1.009-1.156), respectively. Whereas, in males, there was a significant association between lower limb strength and successful aging, with a corresponding OR of 1.119 (1.005-1.246) (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

Successful aging population is better than unsuccessful aging population in terms of body shape, physical function, and physical quality indicators, and the relationship between successful aging and health physical fitness varies in different genders. It is recommended to adopt appropriate health physical fitness management measures for different genders to promote the realization of successful aging.

Key words: Healthy aging, Successful aging, Health physical fitness, Logistic models