中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (04): 498-508.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0367

• 论著 • 上一篇    

乡镇卫生院住院患者多重慢病共患模式、住院服务利用及影响因素研究

奚谦1,2, 申颖3,*(), 赵璨1, 纪舒妤4, 彭厚瑄5, 覃金琼6, 王璇7, 郑艳萍8, 左延莉3   

  1. 1.530021 广西壮族自治区南宁市,广西医科大学第一附属医院全科医学科
    2.530229 广西壮族自治区南宁市江南区延安镇卫生院
    3.530021 广西壮族自治区南宁市,广西医科大学全科医学院
    4.543103 广西壮族自治区梧州市,龙圩区新地镇卫生院
    5.530603 广西壮族自治区南宁市,马山县周鹿中心卫生院
    6.537128 广西壮族自治区贵港市覃塘区东龙中心卫生院
    7.537619 广西壮族自治区玉林市,博白县东平中心卫生院
    8.530231 广西壮族自治区南宁市良庆区那陈镇卫生院
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-15 修回日期:2024-12-02 出版日期:2026-02-05 发布日期:2026-01-15
  • 通讯作者: 申颖

  • 作者贡献:

    申颖负责研究的构思与设计;奚谦、纪舒妤、彭厚瑄、覃金琼、王璇、郑艳萍负责数据收集与整理;奚谦负责论文初稿撰写;申颖、奚谦、赵璨、左延莉负责统计学分析和图表绘制及展示;申颖负责论文修订及质量控制,对文章整体负责。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(72364004,71864006); 广西自然科学基金资助项目(2020GXNSFAA238019); 广西医科大学本科教育教学改革项目(2023Y74); 广西人文社科重点研究基地健康与经济社会发展研究中心项目(2024RWB08)

Multimorbidity Patterns, Inpatient Care Utility, and Associated Factors in Inpatients with Multimorbidity in Township Health Centers

XI Qian1,2, SHEN Ying3,*(), ZHAO Can1, JI Shuyu4, PENG Houxuan5, QIN Jinqiong6, WANG Xuan7, ZHENG Yanping8, ZUO Yanli3   

  1. 1. Department of General Practice, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
    2. Yanan Township Health Center, Jiangnan District, Nanning 530229, China
    3. General Practice School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
    4. Xindi Township Health Center, Longxu District, Wuzhou 543103, China
    5. Zhoulu Central Township Health Center, Mashan County, Nanning 530603, China
    6. Donglong Central Township Health Center, Qintang District, Guigang 537128, China
    7. Dongping Central Township Health Center, Bobai County, Yulin 537619, China
    8. Nachen Township Health Center, Liangqing District, Nanning 530231, China
  • Received:2024-06-15 Revised:2024-12-02 Published:2026-02-05 Online:2026-01-15
  • Contact: SHEN Ying

摘要: 背景 目前,我国农村基层医疗机构住院患者多重慢病流行现状、住院服务利用及影响因素仍不明晰,不利于农村居民多重慢病的有效防治。 目的 本研究旨在调查广西壮族自治区乡镇卫生院住院患者多重慢病的共患模式、住院服务利用情况及影响因素,为深入了解农村基层医疗卫生机构住院诊疗所面临的多重慢病现况及改善相应的医疗卫生服务质量提供流行病学依据。 方法 采用多阶段分层抽样法与整群抽样法,随机抽取广西壮族自治区南宁市、梧州市、柳州市、玉林市和贵港市5市中10家乡镇卫生院,通过住院系统和慢性病管理系统收集以上10家乡镇卫生院2021年1月—2023年6月去识别化的所有多重慢病住院患者病历资料。采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验、Mann-Whitney U检验和多分类Logistic回归分析等统计学方法,探查广西壮族自治区乡镇卫生院多重慢病住院患者人口学特征、多重慢病的患病率、共患慢病数量、共患模式、住院次数以及影响共患慢病病种数和住院次数的因素。 结果 最终纳入9 330例多重慢病住院患者,平均年龄为(68.1±11.8)岁,多重慢病患病率为31.24%(9 330/29 865)。共患慢病病种数以2种居多(53.22%),其次为3种(28.76%)、4种(12.92%)及≥5种(5.10%)。高血压是最常见的共患慢病,高血压、慢性颈腰椎病、慢性胃肠道疾病、脑卒中、糖尿病、高脂血症及慢性肺病的组合是患2种、3种、4种及≥5种慢病中最高发的共患模式;患2种、3种、4种及≥5种慢病的住院次数中位数波动于1~3次,患2种、3种及4种慢病中患病率前10位共患模式的住院次数比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。增龄、高BMI、女性、正在吸烟或戒烟、饮酒、医保类型、少数民族、婚姻状况与共患慢病数量增加相关(P<0.05);增龄、女性、少数民族、婚姻状况、低文化程度、正在吸烟或戒烟、饮酒、共患慢病数量、医保类型与住院次数增多相关(P<0.05)。 结论 广西壮族自治区乡镇卫生院住院患者多重慢病患病率较高;高血压是最常见的共患慢病,其与慢性颈腰椎病、慢性胃肠道疾病、脑卒中、糖尿病、高脂血症及慢性肺病的多元组合构成患病率最高的共患模式。共患慢病数量和住院服务利用的影响因素复杂多样,应采取多层面的防治策略和措施应对农村基层医疗卫生机构所面临的多重慢病的挑战。

关键词: 慢性病共病, 乡镇卫生院, 共患慢病数量, 共患模式, 住院服务利用, 影响因素分析

Abstract:

Background

The epidemiology of multimorbidity, inpatient care utilization, and associated factors among inpatients in rural primary health care facilities in China remain unclear, hindering effective prevention and management of multimorbidity in rural inhabitants.

Objective

This study aims to investigate multimorbidity patterns, inpatient care utilization, and associated factors among hospitalized patients in township health centers in Guangxi in the hope of offering epidemiology evidence for deeply understanding multimorbidity epidemic facing inpatient care of rural primary health care institutions and improving quality of relative medical care.

Methods

A combination of multistage stratified sampling and cluster sampling was employed to randomly sampled 10 township health centers from five cities of Guangxi, including Nanning, Wuzhou, Liuzhou, Yulin, and Guigang. De-identified medical records of all inpatients with multimorbidity from January 1, 2021, to June 30, 2023, of the above 10 sampled township health centers were retrieved from inpatient system and chronic disease management system. Statistical analyses, including the Kruskal-Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test, and multinomial Logistic regression, were used to explore the demographic characteristics, multimorbidity prevalence, comorbidity number, multimorbidity patterns, hospitalization frequency, and associated factors among inpatients with multimorbidity.

Results

A total of 9 330 inpatients with multimorbidity were included, with an average age of (68.1±11.8) years. The overall prevalence of multimorbidity was 31.24% (9 330/29 865). The most prevalent comorbidity number was 2 (55.22%), followed by 3 (28.76%), 4 (12.92%), and≥5 (5.1%). Hypertension was the most prevalent co-existing chronic disease and the most prevalent multimorbidity patterns included combinations of hypertension, chronic cervical and lumbar spondylosis, chronic gastrointestinal diseases, stroke, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and chronic pulmonary diseases. The median number of hospitalization frequency among inpatients with 2, or 3, or 4, or≥5 co-existing chronic diseases ranged from 1 to 3; The median number of hospitalization frequency of the top 10 prevalent multimorbidity patterns identified within inpatients with 2, or 3, or 4 co-existing chronic diseases showed significant differences (P<0.05). Age, high BMI, female, smoking, alcohol consumption, medical insurance, minor ethnicities, and marital status were associated with increased number of co-existing chronic diseases (P<0.05), while age, female, minor ethnicities, marital status, low education level, smoking, alcohol consumption, comorbidity number, and medical insurance were associated with increased hospitalization frequency (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The prevalence of multimorbidity among inpatients of township health centers in Guangxi is high. Hypertension was the most prevalent co-existing chronic disease and it comprised the most prevalent multimorbidity patterns by combining any number of the following chronic diseases, including chronic cervical and lumbar spondylosis, chronic gastrointestinal diseases, stroke, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and chronic pulmonary diseases. Multiple factors influence both comorbidity number and inpatient care utility, emphasizing the need for comprehensive, multi-faceted strategies to address the challenges of multimorbidity in rural primary health care facilities.

Key words: Multiple chronic conditions, Township health centers, Comorbidity number, Multimorbidity pattern, Inpatient care utility, Root cause analysis

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