《中国心血管健康与疾病报告2023》要点解读

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0293

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国心血管病（CVD）患病率处于持续上升阶段。推算CVD现患人数3.3亿，其中卒中1 300万，冠心病（CHD）1 139万，心力衰竭（HF）890万，肺源性心脏病500万，心房颤动487万，风湿性心脏病250万，先天性心脏病200万，外周动脉疾病（PAD）4 530万，高血压2.45亿。2021年中国心脑血管疾病患者出院总人次数为2 764.98万，占同期出院总人次数（包括所有住院病种）的15.36%，其中CVD 1 487.23万人次，占8.26%，脑血管病1 277.75万人次，占7.10%。CVD给居民和社会带来的经济负担仍在加重，CVD防治的拐点尚未到来。

关键词: 心血管疾病, 流行病学, 疾病负担, 危险因素, 患病率, 死亡率, 康复, 基础研究, 器械研发, 费用

Abstract:

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China is on the rise. It is estimated that there are 330 million people with CVD, including 13 million cases of stroke, 11.39 million cases of coronary heart disease (CHD), 8.9 million cases of heart failure (HF), 5 million cases of pulmonary heart disease, 4.87 million atrial fibrillation, 2.5 million cases of rheumatic heart disease, 2 million cases of congenital heart disease, 45.3 million cases of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and 245 million cases of hypertension. In 2021, the total number of discharges of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China was 27 649 800, accounting for 15.36% of the total number of discharges (including all inpatient diseases) in the same period, including 14 872 300 CVDs, accounting for 8.26%, and 12 777 500 cerebrovascular diseases, accounting for 7.10%. The economic burden of CVD on residents and society still increases, and the inflection point of CVD prevention and treatment has not yet arrived.

Key words: Cardiovascular diseases, Epidemiology, Burden of disease, Risk factors, Prevalence, Mortality, Rehabilitation, Basic research, Medical device development, Expense

中图分类号:

R 541

刘明波,何新叶,杨晓红,等. 《中国心血管健康与疾病报告2023》要点解读[J]. 中国全科医学, 2025, 28(01): 20-38. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0293.
LIU Mingbo,HE Xinye,YANG Xiaohong, et al. Interpretation of Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2023[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(01): 20-38. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0293.

图/表 20

图1 2021年中国农村居民主要疾病死因构成比

Figure 1 Proportion of major causes of death among rural Chinese residents in 2021

图2 2021年中国城市居民主要疾病死因构成比

Figure 2 Proportion of major causes of death among urban Chinese residents in 2021

图3 2000—2021年中国城乡居民心血管疾病死亡率变化趋势

Figure 3 Changes in cardiovascular mortalities in urban and rural Chinese residents from 2000 to 2021

图4 2021年中国城乡不同性别人群冠心病死亡率

Figure 4 Mortality rate of coronary heart disease in urban and rural Chinese populations by gender in 2021

图5 2002—2021年中国城乡地区冠心病死亡率变化趋势

Figure 5 Changes in coronary heart diseases mortalities in urban and rural Chinese residents from 2002 to 2021

图6 2002—2021年中国城乡地区急性心肌梗死死亡率变化趋势

Figure 6 Changes in acute myocardial infarction mortalities in urban and rural Chinese residents from 2002 to 2021

图7 2021—2022年中国≥18岁居民脑卒中发病率

Figure 7 Incidence rate of stroke among Chinese residents aged 18 and above from 2021 to 2022

图8 2021年中国城乡不同性别人群脑血管病（粗）死亡率

Figure 8 Crude mortality rate of cerebrovascular disease in urban and rural Chinese populations by gender in 2021

图9 2003—2021年中国城乡居民脑血管病（粗）死亡率变化趋势

Figure 9 Trends of crude mortalities of cerebrovascular disease in urban and rural Chinese residents from 2003 to 2021

图10 基于估计平均需要量（EAR）或适宜摄入量（AI）的中国成年人膳食微量营养素摄入不足率

Figure 10 Dietary micronutrient deficiency rate among Chinese adults based on estimated average requirement（EAR） or adequate intake（AI）

图11 不同性别、年龄居民超重率、肥胖率和中心性肥胖率

Figure 11 Overweight，obesity，and central obesity rates among residents by gender and age group

图12 不同性别、年龄居民高血压患病率

Figure 12 Hypertension prevalence among residents by gender and age group

图13 2004—2018年中国成年人高血压知晓率、治疗率、控制率变化趋势

Figure 13 Changes in awareness，treatment，and control rates of hypertension among Chinese adults from 2004 to 2018

图14 2002—2015年中国≥18岁成年人血脂水平变化注：TC=总胆固醇，LDL-C=低密度脂蛋白胆固醇，HDL-C=高密度脂蛋白胆固醇，TG=三酰甘油。

Figure 14 Changes in blood lipid levels among Chinese adults aged 18 and above from 2002 to 2015

图15 不同性别、年龄居民血脂异常患病率

Figure 15 Dyslipidemia prevalence among residents by gender and age group

图16 中国成年人不同血脂异常类型患病率注：CCDRFS=中国慢性病及其危险因素监测项目，CANCDS=中国成人营养与慢性病监测项目，China-PEACE MPP=中国心血管病高危人群早期筛查与综合干预百万人群项目，CNSSPP=中国脑卒中筛查与预防项目。

Figure 16 Prevalence of different types of dyslipidemia among Chinese adults

图17 1980—2021年中国心脑血管病患者出院人次数注：心血管病包括缺血性心脏病（心绞痛、急性心肌梗死及其他缺血性心脏病）、慢性风湿性心脏病、急性风湿热、肺栓塞、心律失常、心力衰竭、高血压（包括高血压心脏病和肾脏病），脑血管病包括脑出血和脑梗死。其中，2002年以前，缺血性心脏病在卫生统计年报中的名称是冠心病，2021年不包括慢性风湿性心脏病。

Figure 17 Number of hospital discharges of patients with Chinese cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases from 1980 to 2021

图18 1980—2021年中国心脑血管病和糖尿病患者出院人次

Figure 18 Hospital discharges of patients with Chinese cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus from 1980 to 2021

图19 2022年冠心病住院总费用的疾病构成注：ACS=急性冠脉综合征，AMI=急性心肌梗死，NSTEMI=非ST段抬高型心肌梗死，STEMI=ST段抬高型心肌梗死。

Figure 19 Disease components of total coronary heart disease hospitalization costs in 2022

图20 2022年心血管疾病不同病种次均住院费用

Figure 20 Average per-hospitalization costs for different types of cardiovascular diseases in 2022

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