关键词: 婴儿, 早产；发育障碍；纵向研究

Abstract: Objective　To explore the major neuropsychological developmental milestones in premature infants during infancy by age.Methods　By the convenience sampling method in a preterm birth cohort of 88 cases（gestational age less than 37 weeks） who were under systematic management of the local MCH institutions in four main urban districts of Hefei（Yaohai，Luyang，Baohe，Shushan） during September 2015 to September 2017.Gestational age < 34 weeks were high-risk group，and gestational age of ≥ 34 weeks but < 37 weeks were low-risk group.We longitudinally monitored the major neuropsychological development milestones in them during infancy by age，and analyzed the differences between the chronological and corrected age for achieving these developmental milestones.Meanwhile，we monitored the outcomes of these infants using warning signs checklist for screening psychological，and behavioral developmental problems.Results　Except 19 were lost to follow up，the other 69（78.4%） were included in the final analysis.There were significant differences in birth weight and inpatient treatment duration between the two groups （P<0.05）.Compared with the normal full-term infants，both high-risk and low-risk groups demonstrated delayed major neuropsychological development milestones according to the chronological age（P<0.05）.Moreover，even though the age of month was corrected，compared with the normal full-term infants，both high-risk and low-risk groups still presented delayed major neuropsychological development milestones，such as vocalizations or smiling in response to teasing，understanding the adults' facial expressions，indicating “rejection”，recognizing familiar people and objects，lifting its head to a 45 degree angle，rolling over，crawling，standing independently in the low-risk group（P<0.05），and visual tracking of around 180 degrees angle，vocalizations or smiling in response to teasing，identifying sound source localization，understanding the adults' facial expressions，indicating rejection，recognizing familiar people and objects，lifting its head to a 45 degree angle，rolling over，sitting independently，crawling，and standing independently in the high-risk group（P<0.05）.Compared with the low-risk groups，the high-risk groups demonstrated delayed major neuropsychological development milestones according to the chronological age（P<0.05），and the high risk groups visual tracking of around 180 degrees angle，understanding the adults' facial expressions，sitting independently month old age later than the low-risk group （P<0.05）.After the age of the month was corrected，there was no significant differences in the rate of development retardation between the groups（P>0.05）.Conclusion　The chronological age for major neuropsychological developmental attainments in premature infants was older than that of the normal infants during infancy.Even though the age was corrected，the premature infants，especially those with high risks，achieved some neuropsychological developmental milestones later than the normal infants during infancy.Therefore，long-term monitoring and early delivery of targeted interventions should be strengthened for the neuropsychological development of premature infants.

Key words: Infant, premature；Developmental disabilities；Longitudinal study