中国全科医学 ›› 2022, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (08): 913-917.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.01.604

所属专题: 儿科最新文章合集

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极早产儿3岁内体格指标追赶生长的特征性研究

秦巧稚, 赵雪琴*   

  1. 225000 江苏省扬州市,江苏省苏北人民医院
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-15 修回日期:2021-12-10 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-03-02
  • 通讯作者: 赵雪琴
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省妇幼保健协会科研项目(FYX202022)

Longitudinal Study of Catch-up Growth Assessed by Anthropometric Parameters in Very Premature Infants within 3 Years Old

QIN QiaozhiZHAO Xueqin*   

  1. Northern Jiangsu People' s HospitalYangzhou 225000China

    *Corresponding authorZHAO XueqinAssociate chief physicianE-mail603561312@qq.com

  • Received:2021-11-15 Revised:2021-12-10 Published:2022-03-15 Online:2022-03-02

摘要: 背景随着围生医学的进步和发展,极早产儿的存活率明显升高。极早产儿生长发育落后会对其产生长远影响,因此早期的追赶性生长极其重要,目前对极早产儿体格指标的长期追踪较少。目的探讨极早产儿3岁内体质量、身长、头围的增长趋势,促进科学追赶生长。方法选取2017年8月至2018年9月在江苏省苏北人民医院新生儿重症监护病房诊治的120例极早产儿(胎龄28~32周)为研究对象,其中小于胎龄儿(SGA)组11例,适于胎龄儿(AGA)组109例,随机抽取同时间段出生的121例足月儿作为对照组。在矫正年龄40周,矫正年龄3、6、12、24月龄,矫正年龄36月龄时进行体质量、身长、头围的测量,计算体格指标Z评分、生长速率。结果SGA、AGA极早产儿组和足月儿组各项体格指标Z评分在矫正12月龄内比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。AGA极早产儿组和足月儿组体质量追赶高峰出现在矫正3月龄前,SGA极早产儿组体质量追赶峰值在矫正3~6月龄;AGA极早产儿组和足月儿组身长以矫正6月龄内增长趋势明显,SGA极早产儿组身长在矫正3~6月龄之间出现追赶高峰;AGA极早产儿组头围在矫正3月龄内追赶趋势明显,SGA极早产儿组头围在矫正3月龄后追赶明显,矫正12月龄后逐渐变缓。三组在矫正年龄40周~12月龄的体质量生长速率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组在矫正年龄40周~24月龄的身长及头围生长速率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论3岁内SGA极早产儿和AGA极早产儿体格指标追赶趋势有差别,SGA极早产儿各体格指标生长速度早期均落后于AGA极早产儿且追赶速度不均衡。极早产儿早期体格追赶生长与足月儿有明显的差距,组内不同体格指标出现追赶高峰的时间点不同。

关键词: 婴儿, 极度早产, 小于胎龄儿, 适于胎龄儿, Z评分, 追赶生长

Abstract: Background

The improvement in perinatal medicine has promoted the increase of survival rate in very premature infants. Since growth and developmental delays will have a long-term impact on them, early catch-up growth is extremely important. However, there are few longitudinal studies on anthropometric parameters for assessing catch-up growth in such infants.

Objective

To investigate the increasing trend of body weight, body length and head circumference (HC) of very premature infants within 3 years old, providing evidence for promoting scientific catch-up growth in such infants.

Methods

Participants were selected from Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital during August 2017 to September 2018, including 120 ICU-treated very premature infants delivered at 28-32 weeks of gestation, who were divided into two group 〔small for gestational age (SGA) group (n=11) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) group (n=109) 〕, and 121 full-term infants. Body weight and length as well as HC were measured at 40 weeks, 3, 6, 12, 24 months of corrected age and 36 months, respectively, and Z-scores and growth rates of these three parameters were calculated.

Results

The Z-scores of body weight, body length and HC differed statistically across SGA, AGA and full-term infants within 12 months of corrected age (P<0.05) . The catch-up growth for weight peaked within 3 months of corrected age in AGA infants and full-term infants, and it peaked within 3 to 6 months of corrected age in SGA infants. The growth for height showed a significant increase trend within 6 months of corrected age in AGA and full-term infants. For SGA infants, the catch-up growth for height peaked within 3 to 6 months of corrected age. The HC of AGA infants had an obvious trend of catch-up growth within 3 months of corrected age, while SGA infants'catch-up growth for HC was obvious after 3 months of corrected age, and it gradually slowed down after 12 months of corrected age. The body weight growth rate varied statistically across SGA, AGA and full-term infants during 40 weeks to 12 months of corrected age (P<0.05) . There were statistically differences of growth rates in body length and HC between the three groups during 40 weeks to 24 months of corrected age (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

The trends of catch-up growth for body weight, height and HC were significantly different between SGA and AGA infants within 3 years old. Compared with AGA infants, the early catch-up growth rates of these three parameters in SGA infants were slower and imbalanced. Compared to full-term infants, the early catch-up growth rates of the three parameters in very premature infants were significantly slower. And the time point of peak for catch-up growth for each parameter varied significantly between SGA and AGA infants.

Key words: Infant, extremely premature, Small for gestational age, Appropriate for gestational age, Z scores, Catch-up growth

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