中国全科医学 ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (13): 1621-1626.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0369

• 论著·社区卫生服务成本核算专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

社区卫生服务成本核算特点、发展历程及适宜方法研究

赵丽颖1,2, 娄翠迪1, 李媛1, 程薇1,2,*()   

  1. 1.100029 北京市,北京中医药大学管理学院
    2.100029 北京市,北京中医药大学国家中医药发展与战略研究院
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-06 修回日期:2022-10-20 出版日期:2023-05-05 发布日期:2023-02-24
  • 通讯作者: 程薇

  • 作者贡献:赵丽颖提出研究思路,提炼并比较各成本核算方法,撰写并修订文章,对文章负责;娄翠迪负责文献检索,查找成本核算方法在政策中的应用;李媛参与文献检索与汇总分析;程薇提出研究命题。
  • 基金资助:
    北京市卫生健康委员会资助项目(2022CW006)——2021年北京市政府卫生投入监测; 北京市西城区卫生健康委员会资助项目(BUCM-2021-JS-FW-085)——西城区社区卫生服务机构成本测算

Cost Accounting in Community Healthcare Institutions: Characteristics, Development and Appropriate Methods

ZHAO Liying1,2, LOU Cuidi1, LI Yuan1, CHENG Wei1,2,*()   

  1. 1. School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
    2. National Institute of Chinese Medicine Development and Strategy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2022-06-06 Revised:2022-10-20 Published:2023-05-05 Online:2023-02-24
  • Contact: CHENG Wei

摘要: 我国社区卫生服务机构尚无统一、规范的成本核算方法。与公立医院成本核算相比,社区卫生服务成本核算存在服务功能定位范围更广泛、服务量较难统计、新增服务成本测算需求大、信息基础相对薄弱等特点,因此需要探索区别于公立医院的适宜方法。文章基于文献梳理了社区卫生服务成本核算发展历程,系统分析、对比了4种常见方法(比例系数法、作业成本法、当量法、标化工作量法)及其在社区成本核算工作中的适用性。发现当量法和标化工作量法因具有采用"时间"为核算的主要参数、方法较简单、能够快速测算新增服务项目成本等优势,在实际工作中应用更为广泛;同时,两类方法均提供了统一"标尺",能够为社区卫生服务机构的绩效管理、财政补偿和人员补充等提供依据。因此,当量法和标化工作量法可以为"公益一类财政保障、公益二类绩效管理"提供绩效和成本基础,是目前阶段社区卫生服务机构较为适宜的成本核算方法。建议形成社区卫生服务成本核算和管理的标准及规范,提升机构的自身管理能力,助推社区卫生服务整体高质量发展。

关键词: 成本及成本分析, 社区卫生服务, 当量法, 标化工作量法, 比例系数法, 作业成本法, 绩效

Abstract:

There is no consistent, standardized cost accounting method for community healthcare institutions. The cost accounting in community healthcare institutions differ from that in public hospitals in that these institutions have a wider scope of function orientation, more difficulties in counting volume of services, higher demand for calculating the cost of new services, and relatively weaker informatization foundation, so it is necessary to explore a cost accounting method that is different from that used in public hospitals, and specially applicable to community healthcare institutions. We reviewed relevant literature, then summarized the development of cost accounting in community healthcare institutions, and systematically analyzed four common methods (proportionality coefficient, operating method, equivalent method, standardized workload method) and compared the similarities, differences and applicability of them. We found that the equivalent method and the standardized workload method are more widely used in practice because both of them are simple with "time" as the main accounting parameter, and can quickly calculate the cost of new services. Moreover, the two methods provide a unified "yardstick", which can provide a basis for performance management, financial compensation and personnel supplement for community healthcare institutions. So these two methods can be used for calculating performance and cost basis for community healthcare institutions obtaining the financial security (the first class public welfare institutions), and for those using a performance management system (the second class public welfare institutions), and are more applicable to community healthcare institutions at present. Standards and norms for cost accounting and management in community healthcare institutions should be formed to improve the self-management ability of these institutions and promote the overall high-quality development of community health services.

Key words: Costs and cost analysis, Community health services, Equivalent method, Standardized workload method, Proportionality coefficient, Operating method, Performance