中国全科医学 ›› 2022, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (01): 50-54.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.00.263

• 论著·卫生服务利用研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

新医改背景下北京市居民基层就诊行为变化特征:基于2013年和2018年国家卫生服务调查数据

王惠娟1,2, 刘晓云2,*   

  1. 1.100191 北京市,北京大学公共卫生学院
    2.100191 北京市,北京大学中国卫生发展研究中心
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-31 修回日期:2021-09-06 出版日期:2022-01-05 发布日期:2021-12-29
  • 通讯作者: 刘晓云
  • 基金资助:
    北京市卫健委统计信息中心委托项目

Changes in Beijing Residents' Primary Care Utilization during the New Round of Healthcare Reforma Study Based on 2013 and 2018 Waves of the National Health Service Survey

WANG Huijuan12LIU Xiaoyun2*   

  1. 1.School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China

    2.PKU China Center for Health Development StudiesBeijing 100191China

    *Corresponding authorLIU XiaoyunProfessorDoctoral supervisorE-mailxiaoyunliu@pku.edu.cn

  • Received:2021-03-31 Revised:2021-09-06 Published:2022-01-05 Online:2021-12-29

摘要: 背景新医改以来,北京市采取了一系列措施促进患者到基层医疗卫生机构就诊,尤其是在北京市医药分开综合改革后,但其实施效果尚缺少需方证据支持。同时,下沉到基层医疗卫生机构就诊的患者特征尚不明确,若下沉的主要是低社会经济地位的患者,这将带来医疗服务公平性的问题。目的从需方角度分析北京市居民就诊机构选择的变化及特征,为进一步推动分级诊疗提供参考依据。方法2020年7—9月,利用全国第五次(2013年数据)和第六次(2018年数据)卫生服务调查中北京市居民的调查数据,将调查对象中年龄≥15周岁、在过去两周内有过就诊经历的居民作为研究对象,以安德森卫生服务利用行为模型为理论框架,采用多元Logistic回归和Chow检验,分析北京市居民基层就诊行为的变化特征。结果在≥15岁的北京市调查居民中,基层就诊率从2013年的60.89%(1 527/2 508)上升到2018年的64.40%(4 125/6 405),差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.61,P=0.002)。2018年女性、≥60岁、居住在城区、非低收入家庭、具有城镇职工医保、患≥2种慢性病者基层就诊率高于2013年,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、居住地区、医保类型、慢性病患病情况是2013年北京市居民就诊机构选择的影响因素(P<0.05),性别、年龄、家庭人均收入水平、医保类型、慢性病患病情况是2018年北京市居民就诊机构选择的影响因素(P<0.05)。Chow检验结果显示,基层就诊率增加的居民主要是具有城镇职工医保的居民〔OR(95%CI)=1.56(1.24,1.97)〕和居住在城区的居民〔OR(95%CI)=1.27(1.01,1.58)〕(P<0.05)。结论2013—2018年,北京市居民基层就诊率升高,主要是城区居民、具有城镇职工医保的居民基层就诊行为增加。

关键词: 分级诊疗, 社区卫生服务, 卫生保健改革, 北京

Abstract: Background

Beijing has taken a series of measures to promote patients to use primary healthcare since the implementation of the new round of healthcare reform in 2009, especially after the comprehensive reform of separating medical treatment and drug sales, but there is a lack of evidence on the improvement in Beijing residents' use of primary healthcare. The features of users of primary healthcare are still unclear, and if the majority of them have low socioeconomic status, which may bring about the issue of inequity in healthcare use.

Objective

To examine the features of Beijing residents choosing a healthcare institution for treatment between 2013 and 2018, and analyze the changes over the period, to provide evidence for promoting the development of tiered diagnosis and treatment system.

Methods

This study was carried out from July to September 2020 using the data of Beijing part of the Fifth National Health Service Survey (2013) and Sixth National Health Service Survey (2018) , involving residents≥15 years old with medical experience in the two weeks prior to the survey. Residents' healthcare utilization behaviors were analyzed using Andersen's behavioral model of healthcare utilization, and the changes over the period were analyzed using multiple logistic regression and the Chow test.

Results

The rate of using primary healthcare in the residents increased to 64.40% (4 125/6 405) in 2018 from 60.89% (1 527/2 508) in 2013, showing a statistical difference (χ2=9.61, P=0.002) . Compared to the year 2013, the year 2018 witnessed increased rates of primary healthcare utilization in females, those≥60 years old, living in urban areas, having non-low income, urban employee basic medical insurance, or two or more chronic diseases (P<0.05) . Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that age, residential area, type of medical insurance and prevalence of chronic diseases were the influencing factors for the selection of medical institutions in Beijing in 2013 (P<0.05) , and gender, age, per capita income level of family, type of medical insurance and prevalence of chronic diseases were the influencing factors for the selection of medical institutions in Beijing in 2018 (P<0.05) . The Chow test demonstrated that increased rates of primary healthcare utilization were found mainly in residents with urban employee basic medical insurance〔OR (95%CI) =1.56 (1.24, 1.97) 〕 and those living in urban areas〔OR (95%CI) =1.27 (1.01, 1.58) 〕 (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

In general, the primary healthcare utilization behaviors of Beijing residents showed an increase trend from 2013 to 2018, and the majority of them were those living in urban areas and/or having urban employee basic medical insurance.

Key words: Hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, Community health services, Health care reform, Beijing

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